**Conflict of interest**

*Operating scenario number IV.* The distributed energy generation sources (wind energy conversion system, photovoltaic system) as well as the battery storage systems are available. This operating scenario does not involve the variation of meteorological parameters during the microgrid functioning. A calculation step Δ*t* = 20 s is used, during which all the parameter values are maintained constant. **Figure 16** shows the absence of the connection to the low-voltage distribution grid.

The Energy Management System evaluates initially the necessary of the end users' power supply (*Pload* + *Pload p* = 50 kW), establishes that there is not enough energy for the complete supply and then connects only the priority or critical load (*Load P*) and not the standard one (*Load*). As seen from **Figure 16**, EMS attempts the reconnection, but it fails and supplies only the priority load.

able, EMS decides to use the National Power System as an energy generation source, while the microgrid energy production is completed by the public grid (*Pgrid* = 32.155 kW). Thus, the

The proposed LabVIEW solution regarded a small mixed microgrid with two separate AC and DC rings bidirectionally interconnected by static converters. In this respect, the mathematical modeling of PV panels, wind turbine, and battery storage systems was achieved, followed by their implementation within the mentioned microgrid by using the LabVIEW environment.

Furthermore, an Energy Management System related to the microgrid model was developed. Thus, the chapter intends to develop an intelligent Energy Management System suitable to the microgrid components (wind energy conversion system, photovoltaic systems, and battery storage systems). The LabVIEW application is provided with a graphical interface, which allows to identify and establish the initial conditions (meteorological parameters, component

The diagram corresponding to microgrid LabVIEW modeling and simulation is equipped with Boolean buttons representing the connection status (disconnected or connected) of the distributed generation sources, storage elements, and end users and highlighting the islanded or interconnected operation with the low-voltage distribution grid. To that end, various operating scenarios were proposed, for which the results and operability of the Energy Management System were analyzed. It is to be noted that the developed EMS is suitable to any practical configuration of the

This work was supported by the following grants of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, CCCDI–UEFISCDI: project number PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0391 /

microgrid, microgrid that can be adapted to the requirements of each beneficiary.

other consumers are also reconnected (*Pload p* = 40 kW) as indicated in **Figure 17**.

elements) as well as the microgrid's characteristic parameters.

The time moment t1 is established randomly by the user of the LabVIEW application.

, when the connection to the low-voltage distribution grid becomes avail-

At the moment *t*

62 Smart Microgrids

**4. Conclusion**

**Acknowledgements**

1

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest. Thus, there are no conflicts of interest to disclose.
