**5. Digitalization in enterprises**

Digitalize an enterprise means to adopt an economic and social thought system that is completely different, that starts from the structure of the company itself. The modification of the enterprise crosses three main structures and they are:: business model;


and services, and a different way to work. There is no shared definition of what makes a digital mentality, but the organizations that "become" digital tend to have some peculiarities in common: open functionalities, cocreation, special attention to users and clients, and an agile work method. Such peculiarities are not yet rooted in most public administration

The management of the cultural aspect is a challenge for the organizations that face digital transformation. The existing cultural limits often put to test the attempts to integrate the foundations of the digital world (attention to the user, open functionalities, and agile develop-

Most public organization face cultural issues linked to the migration toward digital culture.

For the provision of digital services, most public entities open source technology in moderation. Public entities might not even need of an internal development team, but it is essential that they can count on procurement specialists, who must be able to effectively monitor the work carried out by the suppliers. Procurement and commercial strategies must change in a radical

The main changes that public entities want in the procurement process are: agile development, less strict terms and conditions, and a more decentralized model. Any modification of

The approaches of the public sector to procurement are conceived to guarantee that the public funds be spent efficiently, but the risks of a lack of public investments in the digital era are

The cause of this is the growing speed of the change itself. Historically, the change was slower; it was based on assumptions that entailed that the work modalities would keep steady. The procurement routine within the whole public sector expected the provision of services at the lowest possible cost according to the set model. This favored the drafting of long-term supply contracts and low unit costs, as well as having as a side effect to freeze the business models to the moment of the process in which the organization invested in the IT sector, chose its

In the digital era, there is nothing less desirable than this. It is an era of unrestraint changes, in which 5-year-old business models are made rapidly obsolete by smartphones, big data, connected detectors, and by the innovations of the near future. The public procurement system

Digitalize an enterprise means to adopt an economic and social thought system that is completely different, that starts from the structure of the company itself. The modification of the

entities.

ment) within public entities.

68 Public Management and Administration

way in order to allow digital transformation.

this process should consider such aspects.

different than what they were before.

suppliers, and defined its processes.

**5. Digitalization in enterprises**

must change in order to incentivize innovation and flexibility.

enterprise crosses three main structures and they are:: business model;

To make sure that digitalization proves really effective, it is necessary to involve these three dimensions in a logics and information exchange project between the three areas themselves. Digitalization of business models means sharing information regarding products and services offered by an enterprise. The aim of the digitalization of business models is essentially to increase the company's know-how through data sharing and offering additional services related to the products sold.

The development of machinery that is technologically more efficient and effective, as well as their introduction in enterprises will allow them to grow by 25%, awarding them the possibility to face a rising and constantly evolving demand. Furthermore, the variety of machinery and equipment introduced will give the possibility to meet the needs of both the big enterprises and the smaller companies because of their applicability in both mass and niche production. Finally, the digitalization of the activities implies the development of digital knowledge, which may allow an enterprise to have a greater information flow than the other parties involved in the production chain and, consequently, a better resource management. The interweaving among various sectors contributes to make the enterprise agile and to make it more competitive, since it allows it to better understand the market requests. The activities mentioned above aim to introduce a series of innovations within companies that, in a market that is characterized by the domination of technology, they will not be able to overlook. The Industry 4.0 phenomenon articulates itself in processes that involve all the phases of the activities of the enterprise. The partner occupying the most relevant position in the digital innovation is SAP, a completely new management software that is used to lessen the bureaucratic-administrative load of many company operations, as well as to manage the stock in the best way.

Another aspect that is considered to be very important in the digitalization of enterprises is the positioning, also called searching engine optimization (SEO).The creation of online contents that are interesting and attractive for customers is an essential pathway toward the reciprocal exchange of information and the creation of a collaborative relationship outside the enterprise. The evolution of the Internet, in this respect, is useful to the creation of promotional campaigns, to the improvement of link building, and to practice online marketing activities, that are very useful in order to face an ever-changing and evolving market.
