**7. Conclusions**

essential lack of enacting technical specifications, which should have described in detail the process of digitalization including the formats, the descriptions of the processes, and the roles and duties of the responsible professional figures involved, has hindered the change to a PA

Electronic invoicing started on June 6, 2014 for central entities to continue on to all the others, including local ones, on March 31, 2015. The process continued with the procedures computerization plan through SPID and with other regulatory obligations such as the PagoPA

Within this framework, the eIDAS regulation on the identification and fiduciary services came into force on July 1, 2016, and it will impact electronic signature and certified delivery services. With the advent of this new regulation, solutions such as SPID will be enhanced and even the PEC service will have to be modified if it is to have a European role aside from the

Focus on processes is the common denominator for the technical specifications mentioned and for all the digitalization requirements of implementing legislation within the PA: Public administrations and companies alike will need to implement completely digital processes and new responsibilities, which will have to be assigned to well-defined professional figures and will have to account for the digital storage of their own deeds and electronic documents. In this framework, the document management and storage manuals are clearly identifiable as process documentation, whereas the document management manager and the document

On the basis of what has been discussed so far, it could be said that a correct digitalization

**1.** a deep process review and a correct documentation and identification of the figures

**2.** a proper use of the various technologies with a profound knowledge of the technical and

**3.** an approach focused on the users in which the PA is to be considered as a unique service providing office implementing in its back end all the internal and external PA services

In order to meet this objective, both public administrations and companies must not look to a technological or application solution; rather they must retain a governance strategy made of competences and training, so as to guarantee a digitalization of the processes that today are managed with analogue tools and methods. It is not possible to think that what is done with paper must be done using digital tools and electronic documents: what needs to be done is a complete redesign and a methodological reconsideration of the processes in the moment they

Therefore, the approach methodology toward this digital evolution is important because of the concept itself of document in a silent public administration, since an electronic document

required by the regulations and by the need to digitally interact with citizens.

that would be fully digital in its processes [9–11].

storage manager are to be considered as process managers.

must take into account the following three factors:

regulatory implications of their use; and

are switched from analogue to digital.

adjustment.

70 Public Management and Administration

nationwide one.

involved;

The drive toward innovation involves all the most important sectors of the economy, with a forecast of annual average increase of 2.6% for the 3 years between 2017 and 2019. The realization of the big projects of the PA runs low.

In 2016, the digital market in Italy (information technology, telecommunication, and contents) has grown by 1.8%, reaching €66,100 million. In the first quarter of the last year, the growth has had an acceleration, hitting 2.8% compared to the same period the year before, confirming the growth provisions for the 3 years between 2017 and 2019. In a context that confirms a renewed vitality, thanks to the leading role of the most innovative components and the country's general rise in awareness regarding the potentiality of the digital culture, some criticalities persist and they need a solution. The first one concerns the pace of the recovery that, however quite good, is still not enough to address the delay and to involve so many SMEs that animate our productive fabric. The second one concerns the lack of digital specialists, which is likely to have an influence on the companies' investments and on the effect of the innovation encouragement policies.

The Italian digital market is moving again, and it bodes constantly improving growth rates at least until 2019, on the lead of the digital transformation processes in all main sectors. The average yearly growth rates forecasted between 2016 and 2019 are 4.4% every year in the industry sector, 4% in the banking sector, 4.5% in the utility sector, 4.2% in the insurance sector, 3.6% in the transportation sector, and 4.7% in the great distribution. These are very encouraging dynamics that, however, find less ground in the PA sector, in which the digital expense is expected to lower, with a yearly growth rate of a little less than 2%, with the exception of the health sector, which seems to forecast an average yearly growth rate of 3% circa [8]. As for territory, the polarization toward the northwest, which contributes to 38.3% of the total digital expense, with a growth rate of 2.3% in 2016, is set to rise.

[3] Klaus Schwab, The fourth industrial revolution, 2016, by Franco Angeli s.r.l., Milano,

The Digital Culture within Enterprises and Public Administration: Legal Aspects and Repercussions…

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77606

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[4] P. Mell, T. Grance, The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing. NIST, Special Publication

[5] G. M. Schneider, J. L. Gersting, An introduction to computer science, Italian edition,

[6] A. De Mauro, M. Greco e M. Grimaldi, A Formal definition of Big Data based on its

[8] Cfr. La domanda di competenze digitali e il sistema di offerta, in Il digitale in Italia 2017, in Rapporto Assinform Information Technology in Italia. (The demand for digital competences and the offer system, in The digital culture in Italy 2017, in Assinform

[9] DPCM 3/12/2013 For Document Retention (abrogating a previous CNIPA regulation

[11] DPCM 21/03/2013 which pinpoints typical unique analogue document types for which, for reasons of public law, remains the obligation to preserve the original analogue

essential features, in Library Review, vol. 65, n° 3, 2016, pp. 122-135

p. 24

800-145, September 2011

Apogeo, Milano 2007

[7] NetConsulting cube, 2017

dated 2004)

document

Information Technology Report in Italy)

[10] DPCM 13/11/2014 On Document Preparation

The subject of digital skills has a strategic scope. For the 3 years between 2016 and 2018, it has been forecasted that there will be a need for 85,000 new specialists, 65,000 of which are going to be first employment subjects and more than a half of them are going to have a college degree and will be able to cover needs that will be possible to satisfy only in part. There already are very strong criticalities for the data scientist, business analyst, project manager, and security analyst profiles and for many others that are needed for the digital transformation projects.

Concerning the strategy for the country's digital growth, there are important progresses in place, particularly in the PagoPA system (with 15,601 Pas adhering and 11,332 active) and in the PA's electronic invoicing, that are now widespread, and in the European best practice. There is still a lot to be done in order to accelerate the diffusion of SPID (with growing services but on a base of only 1.5 million digital identities issued) and of the National Population Registry.

Another promising work in progress is the program Industry 4.0, which subsidizes with hyper- and super-amortizations the digital and system components of the new industrial automation and that has already started to considerably affect a market that by the end of 2016 had reached €1831 million(+18.2%).

By 2019, the forecasts announce a progressive enhancement of the overall market growth rate, given the progressive recovery dynamics in place for the telecommunication services (TLC) and for software, solutions, and ICT services.
