Chapter 9 **The Involvement of the Taxpayer in the Public Administration Decision 127**

Michele Mauro, Claudia Fava and Alessandra Kostner

Preface

ferent disciplines.

the issues of the public sector.

tive and affective dimensions.

The public sector plays an important role for both regulation and in the delivery of services directly or indirectly. As in families, managing means dealing with life and dealing with income and expenses. Public administration means dealing with the life of the community (local, national, and supranational), protecting the rights of citizens and ensuring the serv‐ ices that the company deems appropriate to give to all, possibly under different conditions, of the general interest, of the common good, of what contributes to the well-being of all. In this context, it is important to consider transformation, change, and innovation, which are the elements on which the main determinants that influence public management and the

This book makes it possible to realize the nature of the problem, its multidimensionality, and the need for original approaches, through the contribution of scholars belonging to dif‐

This book contains nine chapters in a single section (Public Management and Administra‐ tion), which, through the different approaches to the subject by the authors, help to explain

**Chapter 1** "Democracy in the Middle East: The Educational Battle" shows how the educa‐ tion in all countries is at the heart of the challenges to leadership. In most Middle Eastern countries, graduates from middle school upward have been guaranteed employment in the government. Failure to meet this promise has left thousands of educated youth unem‐ ployed. Further fueled by the overwhelming number of refugees, leaders in Jordan, Leba‐ non, and Israel are threatened by the unemployed and refugees' access to technology and their democratic demands. Authoritarian countries such as Iran and Turkey are emphasiz‐ ing religious education in order to increase the control of their people. Research, on-site vis‐ its, and media reports provide the basis for this study, which identifies three forces of the educational conflict: religious education, informal education, and access to technology. The possible solutions for future educational directions provide a roadmap for the future.

**Chapter 2** "Facebook Tools and Digital Learning Achievements" Perception of Learning Processes in the Cognitive and Affective Dimensions" explores the effect of tablet use for various subjects in Israeli schools on students' perception of learning processes in the cogni‐

**Chapter 3** "Information Security Awareness in Public Administrations" shows how the gov‐ ernments' digital agendas worldwide go hand-in-hand with the digital transformation in businesses and public administrations as well as the digital changes taking place in society. The chapter summarizes the most important scientific findings and transfers them to the prac‐

administration of economic, social, and political systems are based.
