**1. Introduction**

Laughter is the best medicine. Definitely, if someone has diabetes, insulin would probably be needed to be started depending on the clinical scenario.

called glycogenesis and primarily forces muscle and fat tissue cells to take up glucose from the blood through the GLUT4 transporter, thus decreasing blood sugar. So, if there is a defect in production of insulin or its uptake, then there will be a rise in blood sugar which can lead

Insulin – Overview, Infections and Benefits of Immunization and Insurance

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81346

17

These complications are lethal, not going to sugarcoat it because these may worsen it for a diabetic! It starts off with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, stroke, peripheral artery disease and kidney disease. Diabetic neuropathy,

Diabetes can be controlled in the form of tablets initially, but progressive stages require subcutaneous administration of insulin. Modern methods include transdermal patches or nasal

Administration of insulin can be tricky if it is by the subcutaneous method. Repeated issuing of insulin into the same area can cause lipohypertrophy, a condition of excess accumulation of

Overdose or improper timing of administration of insulin can lead to dangerously low levels of insulin. Low sugar level initially causes hunger, sweating and shaking, but in the long run, it deprives the brain of its fuel, leading to the patient falling into a coma. Hence, it is always

One can avoid this menace of a disease by altering the modern-day couch potato lifestyle. Keeping oneself hydrated is a good start, exercise is very important as well. Both these components of a healthy manner of living go hand in hand and can naturally lower blood sugar levels. Decreasing the carbohydrate intake and increasing the protein in an individual's diet may also be of great help. Avoidance of sugary food and drinks is a step in the right direction.

Insulin is not a definitive cure for diabetes but is definitely a form of life support. As of now, there is no complete cure for diabetes, but there may be one to wipe it out in the future due to the advancing technologies in the field of science. Strict adherence to medication and exercise can cause the severity of diabetes to lower down, but a normal lifestyle cannot be guaranteed.

If diabetes is so prevalent around the world, it must mean that the population below poverty line and lower middle class are affected as well up to some extent. Insulin can be costly, as it is not a definitive cure, but more of a life support as mentioned above. This is where health

Diabetes is not something that should be overlooked. Let us say a 68-year-old, uncontrolled diabetic man came to an ophthalmologist with complaints of clouded vision for a long time, and is required to undergo a cataract surgery as soon as possible. If the surgery takes place without letting the sugar levels normalise, this can lead to a lot of postoperative ocular complications such as endophthalmitis, diabetic retinopathy and other diseases which can terminate in complete loss of vision. Such a simple act of patience like waiting for the uncontrolled sugar levels to subside can be detrimental to both the patient and reputation of the doctor.

insurance is of maximum necessity, which will be shortly discussed in detail.

The way to prevent major infections is via immunisation.

fat at the site of injection. The most fatal complication that can arise is hypoglycaemia.

diabetic nephropathy and stroke are some terminal complications.

advised for a diabetic to have some food around which is ironic.

to fatal complications if untreated.

spray.

What is diabetes anyway? Diabetes is the disability of the body to produce or take up insulin, which leads to abnormal carbohydrate anabolism that implies an increase in glucose in the blood. Basically, any food that a person takes in has a certain relative value called 'glycaemic index', which indicates how much food is broken down into sugars and circulated to the rest of the body and utilised by organs for their proper functioning.

However, there is a saying in Chinese, wù jí bì fǎn. In layman terms, this means 'too much of a good thing is bad'; that is where insulin comes into play. Insulin is a protein hormone produced by the beta cells of pancreas and is apparently defective, diminished or even absent in about 415 million people globally, out of which 72.9 million people reside in India according to a 2018 census. It allows body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that one eats for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps to keep the blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycaemia) or too low (hypoglycaemia).
