**18. What are the other consequences of a high sugar level in the blood?**

"Sometimes I pretend I'm not diabetic, but that's a dangerous game." – Unknown

Interestingly, sometimes an infection can lead to diabetes and not the other way round which we encounter usually.

Influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis stand as the most important vaccine-preventable infections in diabetics along with many others. Additionally, we need to take care of diphtheria, typhoid, pertussis, tetanus and shingles. These viruses as we have come across already have a high tendency to cause infection in people with weak immune systems, which is important

Insulin – Overview, Infections and Benefits of Immunization and Insurance

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81346

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The influenza virus is famous for causing infection in the elderly usually at the age of around 65. People who have weak immune systems with underlying ailments are more prone to such infections. Diabetics are at a risk of more severe form of the disease. Vaccination is available against the flu whose compliance against the disease can be found to be effective seasonally. Coming to pneumococcal vaccination, there are two types of vaccines for this infection, the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) which protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria and the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) which protects against 23

As in the case of typhoid, this vaccine works by exposing you to a small amount of the bacteria, which causes your body to develop immunity to the disease. **Typhoid vaccine will not treat an active infection that has already developed in the body**, and will not prevent any

As for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus, the potent Tdap vaccine protects patients against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. Tetanus can lead to tightening of the muscles of the head and neck and kills 1 in 10 people with the infection, while diphtheria can cause breathing problems, heart failure, paralysis and death, according to the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). Pertussis causes serious coughing fits that can strain breathing, cause vom-

As for shingles, the zoster vaccine protects individuals against shingles, which is the reactivation of the chicken pox virus. Shingles presents as a painful rash, with pain that can persist

We all know by this point that people with diabetes are more prone to infection. So, it is not surprising to note that people with diabetes are prone to hepatitis B infection more than nondiabetics. Hence, hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for everyone. It is a series of three vaccine shots. The second shot is taken 1 month after the first and the third dose is taken

The centre for disease control and prevention had recommended several other vaccines for diabetic patients. Various vaccines are provided against measles, mumps, rubella, chicken

It is always recommended to be aware of the vaccinations taken in the past and to enquire with a doctor to know more information on your status and keep a record hence forth.

No matter how much we keep speaking about these great vaccines which have always given us a second chance, it is important to seek its help before it is too late. That is where the importance of early immunisation comes in. Immunisation is a simple way of protecting against so many harmful diseases. But many times, it is neglected and it is not surprising to know that it is not hard for diabetics to neglect vaccination either. Many infectious diseases are rare or eradicated

to note among diabetics.

types of pneumococcal bacteria.

iting and disturb sleep.

6 months after the first.

even after the rash clears up.

disease caused by bacteria other than *Salmonella typhi*.

pox, herpes, diphtheria, tetanus and many others.

An infection can cause our body to produce higher levels of certain hormones like adrenaline or cortisol. These hormones counter the effect of insulin, thus increasing the levels of sugar in the blood which may trigger an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis.
