**11. In vitro adherence of diabetic PMNs**

Conflicting data have been reported about the in vitro adherence of diabetic PMNs without stimulation [25, 27, 31, 34, 35]. In contrast, no differences have been found between diabetic and control PMNs after stimulation [27, 31]. No correlation was found between plasma glucose or HbA1c and adherence [25, 27, 31]. However, in a small number of DM type 1 and DM type 2 patients with untreated hyperglycaemia, the decreased adherence of PMNs to nylon fibre columns increased after the hyperglycaemia was corrected [34, 35]. Of course, adherence to nylon fibre columns is not the same as to endothelial cells as a first step in the inflammation reaction. However, again a better regulation of the DM seemed to increase the host response.
