Contents

## **Preface XI**


Mohd Fadhzir Ahmad Kamaroddin, Nordin Sabli and Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah


Flavio Colmati, Christian Gonçalves Alonso, Tatiana Duque Martins, Roberto Batista de Lima, Antonio Carlos Chaves Ribeiro, Leandro de Lima Carvalho, André Mychell Barbieux Silva Sampaio, Monah Marques Magalhães, José William Diniz Coutinho, Geovany Albino de Souza, Lucas Fernandes Aguiar, Diericon de Sousa Cordeiro, Adão Marcos Ferreira Costa, Thiago Soares Silva Ribeiro, Pedro Henrique Machado Godoy and Guilherme Botelho Meireles de Souza


Preface

photoelectrochemical methods.

an energy storage.

The ever-increasing global population makes an increasing demand on energy. Fossil fuels are at the forefront of energy sources that we still need. However, due to the limited resour‐ ces of these fuels and global climate change, the availability of alternative sources and ener‐ gy carriers has gained importance. For this reason, studies have been accelerated to obtain blue energy (water) and green energy (wind, solar, etc.) from new technologies to meet the increasing energy demand of human society. Among energy sources, hydrogen gas is clean and renewable and has the potential to solve the growing energy crisis in today's society because of its high-energy density and noncarbon fuel properties. It is also used for many potential applications in nonpolluting vehicles, fuel cells, home heating systems, and air‐ craft. In addition, using hydrogen as an energy carrier is a long-term option to reduce car‐ bon dioxide emissions worldwide by obtaining high-value hydrocarbons through the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. Water is considered as an ideal hydrogen source because it is clean, abundant, and renewable. Hydrogen production from water is achieved by water splitting using several methods such as thermal decomposition, electrolysis, photolysis, and

This book presents the recent progresses and developments in water-splitting processes as well as other hydrogen generation technologies with challenges and future perspectives from the point of energy sustainability. In the first two chapters, the electrolysis of water, which attracts great attention due to its sustainability and renewability, is presented with the theoretical foundations of the operating principles of different types of electrolyzers. The most important technologies, such as alkaline electrolysis, proton exchange membrane elec‐ trolysis, and solid oxide high-temperature electrolysis, are addressed. In Chapter 3, the re‐ cent technological progress in light hydrocarbons regarding the sustainable hydrogen production is highligted, while the following two chapters evaluate the hydrogen produc‐ tion from ethanol by steam and use of hydrogen in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In the last chapter, a detailed performance model and optimization strategy is proposed for standalone operation of a concentrated photovoltaic system, with hydrogen production as

> **Asst. Prof. Murat Eyvaz** Co-Head of Department

Gebze Technical University

Deputy Director

Turkey

Department of Environmental Engineering

Science and Technology Application and Research Center
