**10. Conclusions**

BMSCs are easy to obtain, isolated and amplified, which provide a wide application prospect for the treatment of orthopedic diseases. Here, we briefly reviewed the progressions ions of MSCs in a variety of orthopedic diseases. Many studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow MSCs transplantation in animal models as well as in human clinical trials. However, there are still some issues to be solved, such as the reference standards of BMSCs, the regulatory mechanism of proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs, the time, route of administration, and dosages of the transplant. With the further BMSCs researches, we believe that these problems will be solved soon.
