3.2.2. Three wire tandem SAW

In the transverse section, droplets from the leading electrode impinged on the weld pool whose height is lower than the initial V-grove point; therefore, deep penetration can be from as shown in Figure 17(a). Moreover, the weld pool flows long after droplet impingement in the longitudinal section so this can be another reason to make the deep penetration due to the dynamic convection heat transfer. On the contrary, when the higher current welding signal in the trailing electrode is applied, the arc center displacement of the leading electrode due to the arc

22 Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Modelling and Experimental Study for Industrial Applications

Figure 18. Current waveforms and the corresponding arc center displacement for three wire tandem SAW process [21].

Figure 19. Temperature profiles and streamlines on the longitudinal cross section for three wire tandem SAW process [21].

Kiran et al. [21] modeled and simulated the molten pool flow behavior for three wire tandem SAW in V-groove. They firstly measured welding signals and the arc interaction position of three wire SAW process as shown in Figure 18 and they found that the molten pool behavior from the arc interaction played an important role to increase the penetration of V-groove. It is evident that the middle and trailing arcs are closely concentrated during the attraction (dotted box 'a') compared to that of the same between leading and middle arcs (dotted box 'b'). When the distances of middle and trailing arcs are short (dotted box 'a'), the focused arc heat and arc forces activate the molten pool behavior more dynamic and these increase penetration in the

Figure 20. Temperature profiles and streamlines on the transverse cross section for three wire tandem SAW process [21].

longitudinal cross section as shown in Figure 19. The molten pool flow patterns in the transverse section are also described in Figure 20.

[8] Cho DW, Na SJ, Cho MH, Lee JS. Simulations of weld pool dynamics in V-groove GTA

Modeling and Analysis of Molten Pool Behavior for Submerged Arc Welding Process with Single and Multi-Wire…

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[9] Cho DW, Na SJ, Cho MH, Lee JS. A study on V-groove GMAW for various welding

[10] Cho DW, Lee SH, Na SJ. Characterization of welding arc and weld pool formation in vacuum gas hollow tungsten arc welding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.

[11] Cho JH, Na SJ. Implementation of real-time multiple reflection and Fresnel absorption of laser beam in keyhole. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2006;39(24):5372

[12] Cho JH, Na SJ. Three-dimensional analysis of molten pool in GMA-laser hybrid welding.

[13] Han SW, Cho WI, Na SJ, Kim CH. Influence of driving forces on weld pool dynamics in

[14] Cho WI, Na SJ, Cho MH, Lee JS. Numerical study of alloying element distribution in CO2 laser–GMA hybrid welding. Computational Materials Science. 2010;49(4):792-800

[15] Cho DW, Song WH, Cho MH, Na SJ. Analysis of submerged arc welding process by threedimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. Journal of Materials Processing

[16] Cho DW, Kiran DV, Na SJ. Analysis of molten pool behavior by flux-wall guided metal transfer in low-current submerged arc welding process. International Journal of Heat and

[17] Kiran DV, Cho DW, Song WH, Na SJ. Arc behavior in two wire tandem submerged arc

[18] Cho DW, Kiran DV, Song WH, Na SJ. Molten pool behavior in the tandem submerged arc welding process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2014;214(11):2233-2247 [19] Kiran DV, Cho DW, Lee HK, Kang CY, Na SJ. A study on the quality of two-wire tandem submerged arc welds under iso-heat input conditions. The International Journal of

[20] Cho DW, Kiran DV, Na SJ. Analysis of the flux consumption and metal transfer for tandem submerged arc welding process under iso-heat input condition. Welding Journal. 2015;94:

[21] Kiran DV, Cho DW, Song WH, Na SJ. Arc interaction and molten pool behavior in the three wire submerged arc welding process. International Journal of Heat and Mass Trans-

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