**Meet the editors**

Born in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) in India, Satyen Saha received his BSc (Chemistry honors, 1994) and MSc (Physical Chemistry, 1996) degrees from Jadavpur University, Kolkata. He did his PhD degree (Photochemistry, 2002) at the Hyderabad Central University, Hyderabad, India, under the supervision of Prof. Anunay Samanta. Subsequently, he moved to the Department of

Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, for postdoctoral research (2002– 2005) in the group under Prof. Hiro-o Hamaguchi, followed by postdoctoral research work with Prof. Richard Wiess, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA. He was the recipient of the JSPS postdoctoral and JSPS bridge fellowships for a foreign researcher. At present, he is an associate professor in Physical Chemistry, in the Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (central university), Varanasi, India. His present research interests are synthesis, structure (solid and liquid phase) and interactions of ionic liquids, high energy density materials, and photophysical studies (steady state and time resolved) of fluorescent molecules in condensed phases.

Dr. Sankalan Mondal: Dr. Sankalan Mondal received his BSc and MSc degrees from Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, in 2007 and 2009, respectively. He completed his PhD degree from the CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute in 2016 under the supervision of Dr. G. Panda. Currently, he is working with Dr. Satyen Saha as a SERB-National Postdoctor-

al Fellow in the Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University. His research interests lie in the field of physical organic chemistry, organic synthesis, and photochemistry.

Contents

**Preface VII**

**Section 1 Primarily Photophysics 1**

Kim and Yoonsoo Pang

**Spectral Region 21**

**Section 2 Primarily Photochemistry 41**

**Natural Waters 67** Sarka Klementova

**Amides of Salicylic Acid 43**

Chapter 1 **Ultrafast Intramolecular Proton Transfer Reaction of 1,2- Dihydroxyanthraquinone in the Excited State 3**

Chapter 2 **Tailoring the Photophysical Signatures of BODIPY Dyes: Toward Fluorescence Standards across the Visible**

Eduardo Peña Cabrera and Iñigo López Arbeloa

Chapter 3 **Kinetics and Mechanism of Photoconversion of N-Substituted**

Chapter 4 **Photochemical Degradation of Organic Xenobiotics in**

Ravagnani and Maurício S. Baptista

Chapter 5 **Photochemistry of Lipofuscin and the Interplay of UVA and Visible Light in Skin Photosensitivity 89**

Nadezhda Mikhailovna Storozhok and Nadezhda Medyanik

Carolina Santacruz-Perez, Paulo Newton Tonolli, Felipe Gustavo

Sebok Lee, Myungsam Jen, Kooknam Jeon, Jaebeom Lee, Joonwoo

Rebeca Sola Llano, Edurne Avellanal Zaballa, Jorge Bañuelos, César Fernando Azael Gómez Durán, José Luis Belmonte Vázquez,

## Contents

## **Preface XI**


Chapter 1 **Ultrafast Intramolecular Proton Transfer Reaction of 1,2- Dihydroxyanthraquinone in the Excited State 3** Sebok Lee, Myungsam Jen, Kooknam Jeon, Jaebeom Lee, Joonwoo Kim and Yoonsoo Pang

Chapter 2 **Tailoring the Photophysical Signatures of BODIPY Dyes: Toward Fluorescence Standards across the Visible Spectral Region 21** Rebeca Sola Llano, Edurne Avellanal Zaballa, Jorge Bañuelos, César Fernando Azael Gómez Durán, José Luis Belmonte Vázquez, Eduardo Peña Cabrera and Iñigo López Arbeloa


## **Section 3 Computational Photochemistry 103**

Chapter 6 **Computational Study of the Photochemical Fragmentation of Hydantoin 105** Ming-Der Su

Preface

example being the solar cells.

the development of science and technology.

Photochemistry and photophysics (PP) are as old as our planet Earth. Even before the exis‐ tence of our planet, photochemistry was evident in the turbulent atmosphere of our planet. At present, photosynthesis is an excellent example of the natural photochemical and photo‐ physical process on which our life depends. In our eyes, PP processes occur that allow us to see. Needless to say, PP have always been present in our main branch of science. Fundamen‐ tally, the topic of PP arises due to the interaction of light and matter, but exists in several crossroads of mainstream disciplines such as chemistry, physics, biology, and material sci‐ ence. Further, in our daily life, we are surrounded by products that are obtained in some ways with the aid of PP. Numerous devices are constructed based on PP, the most popular

For any civilization to progress, steady access to energy is essential. The sun is unarguably the ultimate renewable and sustainable source of unlimited energy. Scientists are investigat‐ ing ways to exploit the potentials of radiations from the sun to convert into usable forms of energies like electrical energy. However, that is possible only using the knowledge learnt from PP. Modern society also depends heavily on "information technology." Scientists are interested in miniature devices related to information and communication down to the mo‐

Scientists working on light-matter interaction have increased considerably due to develop‐ ment in the state-of-the-art spectroscopic instrumentation. Light is often found to be the sil‐ ver bullet in chemical laboratories and often provides exciting products that are otherwise impossible to obtain thermally. However, complicacy in the photochemical reaction is enor‐ mous and yet to be fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to have a more in-depth un‐ derstanding of the PP fundamentals that would enable us to contribute significantly in emerging fields like energy conversion, medicine, information, and nanotechnology. It is predicted that frontiers of PP will continue to contribute significantly in the development of new molecules and materials and related processes and thereby will play a crucial role in

There are various comprehensive and stand-alone textbooks on PP available in the market. The most famous one is: 'Modern Molecular Photochemistry of Organic Molecules' by N. J. Turro, followed by 'Fundamentals of Photochemistry' by K. K. Rohatgi-Mukherjee. These books, along with others, provide a crystal-clear idea on the common topics both in pictorial and intuitive terms. Due to the gravity of this subject area, one can find around 50 books/ chapters on 'photophysics' and close to 370 on 'photochemistry' (as revealed by SciFinder search). Topics of photophysics and photochemistry of polymer, laser materials, coordina‐ tion compounds, multichromophoric molecule, and nucleic acids are becoming more popu‐

lecular level for which again the knowledge and expertise on PP are a prerequisite.

#### **Section 4 Applications of Photochemistry and Photophysics 113**

