**5. Conclusion**

relation to accumulation of carotenoids, which is promising for the adaptability of plants of this variety. This is indicated by a high value of coefficient of linear regression, several times higher than 1. Weak responsiveness to changing humidity was observed in the accumulation

48 Photosynthesis - From Its Evolution to Future Improvements in Photosynthetic Efficiency Using Nanomaterials

Analysis of the obtained values of dispersion indicates a low stability of the capacity of the pigment system in almost all studied varieties, which confirms the variability and flexibility

In general, given our studies on the power of the pigment system and the data found in **Tables 8** and **9**, it can be concluded that a significant unstable response to changing agroclimatic conditions shows varieties such as Allison, Bruno, and Hayward (control), as indicated (in general, according to both tables), with highest mean square (variance) deviations from the regression line. This allows them to be classified as fragile varieties. In the variety Monty, the dispersion factor in the accumulation of chlorophylls is a minimum for all abiotic factors

<sup>2</sup> = 42.8; 7982.6; 173.0), indicating stability of the trait, while a factor in the accumulation of

The results of the evaluation of ecological flexibility and stability of grades of *A. deliciosa* on the basic parameters of the power of pigment-based systems analysis model showed complete adherence to the changing conditions of varieties such as Ellison, Hayward (control), and Bruno, which indicates that their instability to the effects of abiotic factors and confirmed the prospectively of this sort, like Monty, are sufficiently adaptive to stress conditions of the vegetation period.

Considering the adaptation of the pigment apparatus of plants, including hazelnut, to stress conditions of vegetation, it is possible to show the adaptation of individual plants in ontogenesis and the adaptation of varieties in general. Plants with broad ecological flexibility are better able to adapt to a changing environment. The calculation of ecological flexibility of culture on the content of carotenoids showed a coefficient of linear regression greater than 1, indicating a high flexibility of culture in relation to hydrothermal factors (see **Table 10**).

**Temperature (°С) Precipitation (mm)**

**The degree of stability (δ<sup>2</sup>**

Cherkesskiy-2 14.60 71.46 24.10 3.92 Lombard red 14.06 73.74 24.51 4.17 President 15.05 91.32 28.80 6.08 Futkurami 12.40 80.68 21.42 4.74

**di)**

**Coefficient of linear regression (Bi)**

**The degree of stability (δ<sup>2</sup>**

**di)**

<sup>2</sup> = 126.02; 126.02; 230.69).

**4.2. Evaluation of the ecological flexibility and stability of hazelnut varieties**

**(***Corylus pontica* **C. Koch) in the content of carotenoids**

**Varieties Content of carotenoids, мг/г**

**Coefficient of linear regression (Bi)**

**Table 10.** The parameters of ecological flexibility experienced with hazelnuts.

characteristics under the influence of abiotic factors (**Tables 8** and **9**).

of pigments in the variety Allison.

carotenoids is rather flexible (*Si*

(*Si*

In this chapter we showed the features of the dynamics of accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in subtropical cultures and revealed the dependence of this process on the main factors of the region. It was revealed that the dynamics of pigment accumulation in subtropical plants within the conditions of Russia's damp subtropics is a complex process, which depends on their species.

Comparing the pigment composition of different cultures used in our studies, we concluded that the greatest number of green pigments were inherent in the leaves of plants of hazelnut (2.40 mg/g) and tea (2.05 mg/g). The least amount of chlorophyll was observed in the leaves of hydrangea (1.01 mg/g), which is a characteristic feature of these cultures. At the same time, hazelnut and tea plants have lesser amounts of carotenoids (0.49–0.52 mg/g) compared to other studied crops.

We also revealed a different pattern of accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids of sprouts and physiologically mature tea leaves: the content of photosynthetic pigments in sprouts showed no significant change during the growing season, because the pigment apparatus of leaves is very sensitive to any changes in growing conditions. In addition, the content of pigments in leaves is 2.0–3.8 times higher than their number in sprouts.

In the study of the pigment apparatus of *A. deliciosa*, it was established that the dynamic nature of accumulation of chlorophylls (*a* + *b*) and carotenoids was responsive to hydrothermal growth conditions.

Studies of the pigment apparatus of the hazelnut leaves showed some regularities associated with relative resistance to water stress, which is manifested in the somewhat different nature of the accumulation of carotenoids.

It is established that the dynamics of carotenoids in hydrangea are associated with an adaptive mechanism of protection against stress, subject to slightly different laws, compared to the previously discussed cultures. This is connected to the period of vegetation of hydrangea that starts earlier than other cultures (February–March).

However, we showed that all subtropical plants noted an increased accumulation of carotenoids. The high content of carotenoids in summer (June–July) is caused by water stress, evidenced by their participation in the formation mechanism of resistance of subtropical plants to adverse conditions. Active accumulation of chlorophyll in August is a characteristic feature of all subtropical plants in the conditions of Russia's damp subtropics, as confirmed by our research. In August installed the optimal hydrothermal and light conditions: a favorable temperature (26–29°С), optimal humidity (in the range of 78–80%), rainfall increases. This leads to a new period of active photosynthetic activity, which causes the synthesis of groups of green pigments.

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