**Meet the editors**

Juan Cristóbal García Cañedo is a biochemical engineer specializing in foods, with Master's and PhD degrees in Biotechnology. He has experience in the culture of microalgae for the production of biocompounds using photobioreactors. He also has 5 years' experience in the food industry in food processing, and in agricultural companies in the areas of food safety, quality assurance, prod-

uct development, production, and commercialization. Additionally, he has 10 years' experience in research with microalgae in carotenoid production and operation in fed batch mode, and photobioreactor design and scaleup. He has three years' teacher experience as well. Examples of lectures given are microbiology, mass and energy balances, process engineering, mathematics, control and instrumentation, fluid mechanics, bioprocess synthesis and analysis, design topics (ultrafiltration, chromatography, lyophilization), and has lectured in a bioseparation process workshop. He has presented four international conferences as a speaker and published in four indexed journals and one book chapter on the production of carotenoids and lutein for visual health.

Gema Lorena López Lizárraga is a biochemical engineer specializing in foods, with Master's and PhD degrees in Biotechnology. She has 5 years' experience in the food industry, and in agricultural companies in the areas of food safety, quality assurance, and as a sales representative. She has 7 years' experience in research with microalgae on carotenoid (asthaxanthin) and PUFA

production using fed batch mode and 3 years' teaching experience. Examples of lectures given are industrial chemical safety, multivariables analysis, reactor and bioreactors engineering, microbiology, mass and energy balances, process engineering, mathematics, and has lectured in a bioseparation process workshop.

She has presented three international conferences as a speaker and published in three indexed journals and one book chapter on the production of carotenoids and omega 3 fatty acids for human health.

Contents

**Preface VII**

Michio Kanechi

**Section 1 Basic Concepts of Photosynthesis 1**

Chapter 2 **Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism 9**

**Section 2 Effects of Light, Nutrients and Cultivation 15**

Chapter 1 **Introductory Chapter: Evolution of Photosynthesis 3**

Nimir Eltyb Ahmed Nimir and Zhou Guisheng

Chapter 3 **Growth and Photosynthesis under Pulsed Lighting 17**

Farouk Kamel El-Baz and Hanaa H. Abd El Baky

**Photosynthetic Costs of High Salinity Tolerance 69**

**Section 3 Future Improvements in the Production of Photosynthetic**

Chapter 7 **Plant Nanobionics and Its Applications for Developing Plants with Improved Photosynthetic Capacity 95**

Chapter 6 **Mangroves in Contrasting Osmotic Environments:**

Margarete Watzka and Ernesto Medina

Kusum Khatri and Mangal S. Rathore

Chapter 4 **Photosynthetic Pigments of Subtropical Plants 31**

Chapter 5 **Pilot Scale of Microalgal Production Using**

**Photobioreactor 53**

**Organisms 93**

Gema Lorena López Lizárraga and Juan Cristóbal García Cañedo

Oksana Belous, Kristine Klemeshova and Valentina Malyarovskaya
