**2.1. History**

In the 1950s, the first immunoassay was developed by the Solomon Berson Rosalyn Sussman Yalow. In 1977, Yalow received the Nobel Prize for her work and came in the list of second American women who won this award [11, 12]. In the 1960s [13], the immunoassay became more simple with the discovery of chemically linked enzymes to the antibodies, and later in 1983 [14], Professor Anthony Campbell from Cardiff University introduced acridinium ester in immunoassay that used its own light. This immunoassay helped to quantify a wide range of pathogens, proteins and other proteins in blood samples [14].
