Preface

**Section 5 Treatment Algorithms in Breast Cancer 101**

Ibrahim O. Alanazi and Zahid Khan

**HER2 Negative Breast Cancer 123**

Shadia Al-Bahlani and Samiya Al-Jaaidi

**Carcinogenesis 103**

**Breast Cancer 161** Joanne W. Chiu

**Cancer Management 181**

**Section 6 Caring for Patients with Cancer 199**

Chapter 11 **Caring of Breast Cancer Patient 201** Anggorowati Anggorowati

Fatma Sen

**VI** Contents

Chapter 6 **Endocrine and Cell Surface Receptor Signaling in Breast**

Chapter 7 **Adjuvant Systemic Treatment in Hormone Receptor Positive,**

Chapter 8 **Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Cisplatin and Calpain-1 147**

Chapter 9 **Management of Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic**

Chapter 10 **Photodynamic Therapy, a Potential Therapy for Improve**

Heidi Abrahamse and Ivan Sosthene Mfouo Tynga

Breast cancer accounts for 25% of cancers among women. It ranks fifth in cancer-related deaths among women despite a reduction in the mortality rate in the last decades. Neoadju‐ vant treatments used in local advanced breast cancers contribute to pCR, local treatments (mastectomy, oncoplastic surgery, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, etc.) and prognosis. Targeted therapies (CDK 4/6, mTOR and PI3K inhibitors) added to adjuvant chemotherapy treatments in the metastatic step are alternative options of resistance mechanisms.

Since breast cancer is a multidisciplinary disease, it requires a treatment approach that in‐ cludes oncology, radiology, surgery, dietitians and psychologists. In this book, the treatment approaches to breast cancer were evaluated from a broad perspective. The surgical treat‐ ment options, chemotherapy preferences in early and advanced breast cancer, drug resist‐ ance and follow-up resultsare discussed. Clinician's treatment options, actions to be taken by patients to maintain their lives, palliative and psychological supports and follow-up processes from when patients are diagnosed with cancer until metastatic period are dis‐ cussed in detail in this book. Section 1 presents the introduction to the topic; Section 2 dis‐ cusses surgical approaches and local treatments; Section 3 discusses the importance of liquid biopsies; in Section 4, the importance of prognostic significance of HIF1 alpha is pre‐ sented; in Section 5, neoadjuvant treatments, current treatment approaches in early-local advanced and metastatic cancers and drug resistance and the contributing factors are pre‐ sented. In the last section, patient palliation and dietary factors are addressed.

This book will be a reference guide involving extensive and comprehensive information on breast cancer treatment for clinicians, advanced and graduate students.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the authors and researchers who have con‐ tributed to this book, and I would like to express my appreciation to the reader for choosing IntechOpen. And thank you to all the persons who participated in the project.

#### **Assoc Prof. Nilufer Bulut**

Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Search Hospital, Turkey

**Section 1**

**Introduction**

**Section 1**
