**1. Introduction**

110 Deep Vein Thrombosis

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Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease, comprising the life-threatening pulmonary embolism (PE) and its precursor deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In view of the clinically silent nature of VTE; the incidence, prevalence and mortality rates are probably under estimated (Kniffin et al., 1994). Although VTE is a common disease, fortunately it is preventable; identifying high risk patients and the application of suitable prophylactic measures is the best way to decrease the incidence of VTE and its associated complications. Using unfractionated heparin (UFH), the rate of radiologically detected DVT was reduced by 67% without significant bleeding complications (Belch et al., 1981).

Although most patients survive DVT, they often suffer serious and costly long-term complications. Venous stasis syndrome (postphlebitic syndrome) with painful swelling and recurrent ulcers is well known complication following DVT (Prandoni et al., 1996). Additionally, PE is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality both tend to be higher among cancer patients and those who survive such event may develop chronic complications like pulmonary hypertension (Carson et al., 1992; Pengo et al., 2004). In a large study, Sørensen et al. examined the survival of patients with cancer and VTE compared to those without VTE matched for many factors including the type and duration of cancer diagnosis; the one year survival rate for cancer patients with VTE was 12% compared to 36% in the control group (P<0.001). Furthermore, the risk of VTE recurrence was higher in cancer patients compared to those without (Sørensen et al., 2000).
