**7.1. Saudi Arabia**

Saudi Arabian corporations apply the religious philanthropic traditions of *Zakat*; as mentioned above it is required and collected by governmental bodies. However, corporations also showed a high correlation between improved CSR disclosure and board independence and family ownership [13]. Indeed, family owned businesses tend to go beyond what is required by law (*Zakat* tax), and apply a broader Islamic view on business operations; Islam requires businesses to be socially responsible and to promote social cohesion and conserve environmental ecosystems. On the other hand, various philanthropic donations go unnoticed in Saudi Arabia, as individuals and family-owned corporations find it immodest to advertise their good deeds; for example, a \$130 million donation made in 2012 to the cyclone affected Bangladesh population remained anonymous [29].
