**A. Appendix 1**


Overall extent of environmental reporting of firms.


**6. Concluding remarks, limitations and further scope of the study**

ally result in more environmental disclosure.

**A. Appendix 1**

160 Globalization

governance practices in affecting environmental reporting.

2 A description of environmental philosophy, values, policies and

3 A narration of a proper managerial systems for environmental

4 A declaration of the regular reviews and assessment of firm's

6 An announcement of the measurable objectives regarding future

7 An indication of specific innovations or latest technologies regarding

Overall extent of environmental reporting of firms.

**A. Vision and strategy**

environmental ethics

operations and risk

environmental performance

environmental performance

environment

The study primarily intends to scrutinize the association among the certain attributes of corporate governance and the environmental reporting practices of companies in Pakistan for a period of 2014–2015. The findings depicted a substantial connection among environmental reporting practices and attributes of corporate governance. The results highlighted that larger board size, higher proportion of nonexecutive independent directors, partition of the twin positions of the CEO & chairman and institutional ownership (ownership concentration) is related with enhanced environmental disclosure in Pakistan. The overall results supported the corresponding theoretical contention of agency theory and stakeholder theory that sound corporate governance practices serve as monitoring and accountability catalyst and eventu-

The results of the study suggest that the firms should use the highlighted instruments as powerful tools and be encouraged to produce climate change policy and environmental reports on regular basis to manifest their commitment to sustainable development. The limitations of the study suggest that a longitudinal research with large sample size and a relative analysis of Pakistan with developed market would offer more insights regarding the role of corporate

**S# Number of firms** 

1 A declaration of firm environmental performance in CEO's message 31 62

5 Environmental standards or targets 37 74

**reported**

38 76

19 38

17 34

25 50

19 38

**Percentage**


Environmental reporting items not reported by any sample company.

**S# Number of firms** 

 Funding for effluence control apparatus or facilities 34 68 Estimated pattern of potential environmental spending 7 14 Estimation of contingent obligations 0 0

Penalties regarding environmental concerns 0 0

 Executive reward is allied with environmental conduct A review of monetary savings from environment program

Future assessment of expense for effluence control apparatus and

Expenditure on R& D, technologies or innovations to improve

**SI no. Environmental reporting items**

environmental efficiency

facilities

 Estimation of contingent obligations Penalties regarding environmental affairs

Ranking of companies on the basis of environmental disclosure scores.

**S# Company name No. of items** 

 K-Electric Limited 57 95.00 1 I.C.I. Pakistan Limited 53 88.33 2 Murree Brewery Company Limited 51 85.00 3 Atlas Honda Limited 50 83.33 4 Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited 49 81.67 5 Engro Fertilizers Limited 48 80.00 6 Siemens Pakistan Engineering Co. Limited 47 78.33 7 GlaxoSmithKline (Pakistan) Limited 46 76.67 8 Pakistan Refinery Limited 45 75.00 9

**disclosed**

**reported**

The Relationship between Environmental Reporting and Corporate Governance: Empirical…

10

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75228

48

**Percentage**

**% Ranking**


Environmental reporting items not reported by any sample company.

**S# Number of firms** 

 Stakeholders participation in environmental reporting process 20 40 Involvement in voluntary activities regarding environment 43 86

 EPl regarding energy consumption or efficiency 34 68 EPl regarding water consumption or efficiency 24 48 EPl regarding greenhouse discharge 22 44 EPl regarding air discharge other than green house 23 46 EPl regarding toxic release inventory 19 38 EPl regarding additional discharges or emissions 15 30 EPl regarding waste management 34 68 EPl regarding biodiversity and resource conservation 30 60 EPl regarding impacts of industrial products on environment 20 40 EPl regarding compliance with environmental targets 13 26 Equipment for waste water treatment 25 50 Recycling of waste material 28 56 Land renovation and forestation plans 19 38 Pollution management of industrial operations 36 72 Preservation Anti-litter operations 20 40 Introduction of new production techniques to lessen pollution 24 48

 A review of monetary savings from environment programs 0 0 Environmental Policy 7 14

Environmental recognition awards by external body or nomination in a

Involvement in the operations of specific industry to enhance

Involvement in other organizations to enhance environmental

**F. Environmental performance indicators**

sustainability catalog

Globalization

environmental performance

**G. Environmental spending**

apparatus and facilities

apparatus

Previous and current spending on effluence control facilities and

Previous and current operating expenses on effluence control

performance

**reported**

38

44

62

32

16

**Percentage**


#### Ranking of companies on the basis of environmental disclosure scores.



**B. Appendix 2**

**Author details**

Mehwish Naseer and Kashif Rashid\*

Source: Economic Survey and other web sources.

Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan

\*Address all correspondence to: mkrashid@ciit.net.pk

Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad

**Years Inflation rate% GDP (annual growth rate)% Interest rate %**

 9.73 3.8 7.98 7.68 3.71 7.17 7.23 4.1 7.26 2.53 4.1 5.97 3.76 4.5 4.83

**S# Company name No. of items** 

 Mitchells Fruit Farms Limited 10 16.67 39 Dewan Farooque Motors Limited 9 15.00 40 Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited 8 13.33 41 Adam Sugar Mills Limited 8 13.33 41 Jubilee Spinning and Weaving Mills Limited 7 11.67 43 Gadoon Textile Mills Limited 6 10.00 44 Dewan Cement Limited 5 8.33 45 Shield Corporation Limited 5 8.33 45 Dawood Lawrancepur Limited 4 6.67 47 Dewan Textile Mills Limited 3 5.00 48 Bilal Fibers Limited 2 3.33 49 Olympia Textile Mills Limited 0 0.00 50

**disclosed**

The Relationship between Environmental Reporting and Corporate Governance: Empirical…

**% Ranking**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75228

The Relationship between Environmental Reporting and Corporate Governance: Empirical… http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75228 

