5. Conclusions

This chapter dealt with mathematical modeling, system identification, and control of electromagnetic actuators. Actuators are often used in industrial applications such as magnetic levitation, electromagnetic bearings, as well as in fuel injectors in the automotive industry.

After a detailed mathematical model was presented, two different parameter identification techniques were described. The first one is based on the classical current decay test, and the second one is a clustering-based system identification approach. Since the actuator is openloop unstable, the main steps of system identification of the actuators under closed-loop control were presented.

Finally, very simple and easy-to-apply control strategies were discussed, when the armature is controlled around a fixed equilibrium position (PID controller) as well as when the armature is controlled between two extreme positions, armature open and armature closed (gainscheduled PID controller).
