**1. Introduction**

Worldwide communities, governmental agencies or international research programs like Horizon2020 or Green Program2030, made huge concerted efforts to launch new visions in economy and society, [1]: green building, green cities, promoting the green transport development [2], eco-labels for logistics, green economy—bioeconomy, new green energy resources, network on bio-products, green and cost efficient aircraft design and not in the last time smart, green and integrated electronics, [3]. The main pillar for a future green electronic industry is foreseen by the sustainable electronics that imply a feedback technological flow, to 99.99% reuse of the output products transformed in wastes, back to the input, as raw material. In this scope, new insights must be assimilated for a green factory vision: lifecycle of electronic technologies, recycling electronics, green energy convertors, electronic wastes reconversion new technologies, materials reconversion, mobile phones eco-rating and the list rests opened.

On the other hand, the traditional electronics industries can redistribute their objectives to comply the green electronics targets: low power consumption, low voltage-low size, low quantities of raw materials and resources—suitable to nanotechnologies or nanoelectronics, biomaterials in electronics, green organic semiconductors [4], long life products, electronics applied in ecology, solar cells development, green energy generators, green energy accumulators, nanoscale integrated electronics, hysteretic materials with memory property for smart electronics [5], integrated sensors and biosensors [6], environmental applications, sensors network, bio-medical-eco-electronics [7]. For instance, a recent ecological solution for integrated electronic biosensors follows a simultaneously 22 blood tests, concentrating 22 separate devices in one, using low quantities of blood samples, due to the revolutionary technology of dry biochemistry with minimal wastes, [8]. Also, the medical electronics have to take care in the next future to avoid not only the environment pollution or agglomeration with discarded equipments, but mainly to fulfill a green behavior face to the exposed human body.

Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Especially the Imagistics equipments that are extremely green with external environment, without wastes, without infected or contaminated rubbish, hardly interact with the human body, exposing at increased risk after multiple imagistic tests [9].

where NA is the same doping concentration in film and substrate, Qi1 is the electric charge densities at upper interface, Qox is the fixed charges density, xox is the thickness of the buried oxide, εSi, εox are the dielectric permittivity respectively for silicon and for oxide, VFB-C is the classical model of the flat-band voltage. For a thick SOI film, the total charge density in BOX is Qox = Qi1 + Qi2, where Qi1 and Qi2 are the upper, respectively bottom interface charge density. If the SOI structure has Si-film thickness less than 10 nm, the sheet interface charge belongs to a space and can be treated by the distribution theory, [20]. Assuming the Dirac δ-distribution

k = 1 or 2 and Δx<sup>k</sup> → 0 stands for the spatial dispersion coefficients for Qi1, Qi2, the final flat-

For this model, if the spreading coefficients reset to zero (Δx1,2 = 0), the distribution (Eq. (2))

The accurate model with distribution (Eq. (2)) shows that the effect of a fixed charges about

200 nm Si/400 nm BOX sizes, but the same value is vital to characterize the SOI ultrathin tech-

Green electronic devices represent a new paradigm of recycling electronic nanodevices. Some revolutionary features are touched if bio-nanomaterials are used for integrated structures or combine organic semiconductors on organic insulators from non-toxic precursors for a green technological flow. Topic includes low voltage circuits and low size devices, recycling electronic bio-nanotechnologies, electronic re-conversion, solar cells as green energy provider and supra-capacitors as green accumulators and new solution of energy generation, coupled to almost zero electronic power consumption. Some devices reply to this demand, when we speak about Few—Electron Transistors or at limit the Single Electron Transistor that consumes current sub one electron per microsecond, possessing

Some recent nanotechnologies could serve the green electronics purposes: Carbon Nano-Tube Field Effect Transistors (CNT-FET), [23], Nanowire-FETs, [24], Tunnel-FETs, Nanocore-shell technology for thin film transistors operated at 300 K temperature in white rooms, accompa-

Also, the ULSI integrated circuits work at low voltages, providing low power consumption in electronics. Nanodevices with thin films or with one atomic layer exhibit confinement effects that decrease the conduction current. Currently the leading technology nodes are FinFET, [26] transistors that exploit raised inversion channels, multiplying the MOSFET capabilities.

, at the back interface can be neglected in a classical SOI-MOSFET with more than

<sup>2</sup> ) <sup>−</sup> \_\_\_ *Qi*2 2 *εox*

<sup>⋅</sup> (*xox* <sup>−</sup> *<sup>x</sup>* \_\_\_1

, [21], where xk

<sup>⋅</sup> *x*<sup>2</sup> <sup>−</sup> *Qox*

Introductory Chapter: Green Electronics Starting from Nanotechnologies and Organic…

2 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2 *εSi* ⋅ *qNA*

is the spatial coordinate for Qik,

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73312

(2)

5

as a limit of the regulates distribution string, Ix

*VFB*−*<sup>D</sup>* <sup>=</sup> <sup>−</sup>\_\_\_

becomes the conventional (Eq. (1)).

nology of 10 nm Si/10 nm BOX.

capacities sub 1atto-Farad, [22].

nied by low wastes by nanotechnologies, [25].

**3. Toward green electronic devices**

1012 e/cm2

band model with distributions, VFB−D, can be computed by:

*Qi*1 *εox*

The general purpose products of low energy consumption as refrigerators, washing machines, laptops, etc. of A, A+, A+++ energetic class have an extraordinary success on market, offering advantage in the user pocket, but also consuming small resources from earth. Therefore, the green electronics must accompany the household goods industry, to produce extremely low power consumption components. Obviously, nanodevices that consume few femto-Watts are of primary interest, [10–12].

In the next sections, the integration technologies evolution and the electronic devices performances are selectively presented to meet these general green electronic demands. Some applications of nanomaterials cross over the electronic frontiers and provide multidisciplinary applications, briefly presented. Finally, some particular directions for the next future, in the field of the green electronics, are presented.
