**Preface XI**


#### **X** Contents


Preface

branches.

the next years.

and project 4/2017-TFTNANOEL.

The purpose of the *Green Electronics* book is to stimulate new comprehensions of the green con‐ cepts in electronics, appealing to the ultimate nanoscale and nanotechnology developments or pro‐ posing bioorganic pathways. In the future, the industry may or may not be "green". Therefore, an environment-friendly electronics is a main challenge in the future, as for all the other industrial

The book offers multiple solutions to push the classical electronic industry toward green routes, aided by nanotechnologies with revolutionary features that provide low power consumption in electronics, propose biomaterials for integrated structures, and include environmental monitoring tools. Based on organic semiconductors or insulators without toxic precursors, green electronic technologies launched promising devices like OLED, OTFT, or nano-core-shell transistors. Starting from these pieces, the next difficult tasks for the worldwide actors concern sustainable factory con‐ struction, keeping self-maintenance, eco-technologies, circular economy, e-waste control, long life

The *Green Electronics* book successfully presents the recent directions collected worldwide: lowvoltage-low-size devices and circuits emphasizing heat dissipation in MOSFET sub-90nm or em‐ bedded SRAM cells; new nanotechnologies for green integrated electronics, like carbon-nanotube transistors, nano-wire FETs, thin-film transistors, low waste technologies, and low-temperature eco-nanotechnologies; new and alternative materials for electronic devices and embedded systems, like nano-core-shell layers, flexible substrate, letter printing, organic semiconductors, and organic insulators; recent revolutionary devices for green scopes, like few electron transistors and nothingon-insulator devices; biomaterials for integrated sensors, like DNA on chip, electronic-integrated biosensors, environment monitoring, pesticide-capacitive biosensors, and network sensors for at‐ mospheric monitoring; and low-power-consumption electronics used in electrical vehicles, har‐

Being an extremely young topic, *Green Electronics* leaves free space for new additional subtopics in

**Acknowledgment**: The challenging task of finalizing this book was possible with the constant sup‐ port of the InTech team. The editors appreciate and thank the officer of our project, Mr. Julian Vir‐ ag, who assisted us in all stages. The editors had in their mind the green pathways in electronics during this period, because they are involved in research project as PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0480

Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology

Department of Electronic Devices, Circuits and Architectures

Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science Department of Organic Chemistry "Costin Nenitescu"

**Cristian Ravariu**

Bucharest, Romania **Dan Eduard Mihaiescu**

Bucharest, Romania

Polytechnic University of Bucharest

Polytechnic University of Bucharest

cycle, recycling electronics, or renewable resources as basic concepts.

vested energy for IoT applications, or convolutional neural network accelerator.

