*2.2.6. DNA as radiation sensors*

DNA has an optical response towards temperature, magnetic field, radiation and others. The flexibility of DNA can be modified by the radiations. When irradiated using gamma rays and neutrons (non-ionizing radiation), the dynamics of DNA macromolecules [78] changes its configuration when involved in environmental interactions with other components of the living cells [79]. Whenever any radiation passes through a semiconductor device, different effects are observed which depends on the range of energy of the particle (proton, alpha, neutron and both types of beta) and rays, such as gamma radiation [80]. These include defects as: vacancies, defect clusters, dislocation loops near the surface and adjustment of band gaps [81]. Electrical properties of DNA molecules can be understood by the electrical conduction mechanism, namely: thermionic emission, tunneling and hopping [82]. These all properties can be applied for DNA as radiation sensors.
