**4.4 Stomatitis, glossitis, cheilitis**

The clinical and histological findings of these symptoms around the oral cavity do not differ from ordinal oral inflammations. Red halo glossitis and cheilitis sometimes can occur on the

Fig. 5. Stomatitis and cheilitis.

may be present and accompanied by erosion and ulceration (Fig. 4). On the skin, red or purple-red papules are seen at the internal area of the joint extremities and trunk. While

The buccal mucosa is the favorite site of lichen planus. In longstanding cases, this keratinization pattern can sometimes spread into the entire oral mucosa. In dental metal allergy cases, it appears at the oral mucosa attached to the metal restoration that contains the

Histological findings exhibit parakeratosis, liquefaction degeneration of the basal cell, and T lymphocyte infiltration under the epithelial tissue. At the present time, the pathoetiology of lichen planus is still not clear. Mechanical stimulation, metal allergy, and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are all suspected as being predisposing factors. Since Jubert et al. reported that about 30% of these patients exhibit HCV antibody, inveterate cases of lichen planus should

The clinical and histological findings of these symptoms around the oral cavity do not differ from ordinal oral inflammations. Red halo glossitis and cheilitis sometimes can occur on the

some of these papules may be painless, others can cause itch, heat sensation or pain.

have both liver function and HCV antibody tests performed.

allergy-positive metal element.

Fig. 4. Lichen planus.

**4.4 Stomatitis, glossitis, cheilitis** 

Fig. 5. Stomatitis and cheilitis.

oral mucosa close to the suspected dental prosthesis that contains the allergy-positive metal elements (Fig. 5). However, stomatitis and aphthous oral ulcers can sometimes occur on oral regions that are distant from the dental metal prosthesis. Regardless of the location, recurrent formations of the inflammation are frequently observed in these cases.
