**10. Acknowledgment**

Many thanks to Mrs. Susan Harley and Mr. Christopher J. Garlick for their linguistic assistance.

*The project was supported by grants MZOFNM 2005/6904* 

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**1. Introduction** 

patch testing will be discussed.

relevance of positive patch test results.

**2.1 Prevalence in infants and young children** 

**2. Epidemiology** 

**8** 

*USA* 

**Contact Dermatitis in Children** 

*Boston University, Department of Dermatology* 

Laurel M. Morton and Katherine Szyfelbein Masterpol

Allergic contact dermatitis is increasingly being recognized as a disease that affects children in addition to adults. Historically, irritant contact dermatitis such as 'diaper dermatitis' was a frequent diagnosis made in children, while allergic contact dermatitis was not considered a significant disease in this age group. Clinicians may have attributed this to children's lack of exposure to allergens or to the belief that pediatric immunity was not vigorous enough to result in sensitization. Some suspect that the infrequent diagnosis of this condition was due to scarce patch testing in this age group. It is true that contact allergy has not been studied as intensely in children as in adults and data from adult studies may not always reflect results in children. By means of many reports and epidemiological studies in the literature, it has become clear that allergic contact dermatitis is a significant diagnosis to consider in

This chapter was written as a review of the current literature. Background regarding allergic contact dermatitis will be provided with a discussion of its prevalence in children. The most common allergens that affect children will be reviewed, and important pearls regarding

Recent studies suggest that allergic contact dermatitis remains more common in adults than in children (Kwangsukstith & Maibach, 1995) affecting approximately 10% of the adult population (Marks, 1997) and accounting for just over 4% of all dermatologic consultations (Mendenhall et al., 1973). Though the condition is increasingly being recognized in the pediatric population, most epidemiologic studies have been completed retrospectively and investigate the occurrence of positive patch tests in symptomatic patients only. Generally, standard series are used. For example, the European Standard Series is commonly utilized in European studies. Yet, some variation in tested allergens exists and studies often evaluate specific pediatric populations, making it difficult to compare studies. The exact rates of incidence and prevalence remain less clear, potentially due to only recent interest in studying this condition in children. Furthermore, only a minority of studies report on the

A common explanation for low rates of allergic contact dermatitis in children was their lack of a robust immune system. Early studies seemed to support this theory. For instance, Straus

young children, and even infants, with eczematous disease.

