1. Introduction

Oil, gas and chemical complex (OGCC) is one of the system and fund forming in our country. It includes tens of thousands of oil and gas production facilities, over 500,000 km of field and main pipelines for transportation of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, thousands of large oil and gas storage facilities, and hundreds of major oil and gas refineries for fuel and chemical products for civil and military use.

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and eproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

These figures indicate the exceptional importance of the integrated safety and security of the national oil, gas, and chemical complex, which constitute a significant part of the national and international safety problems. The scientific analysis of these problems, and the solution of fundamental, practical and economically significant tasks in the field of safety are becoming more relevant as the scope and geography of OGCC expands in Russia.

In the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, environmental and economic damage, accidents, and injuries at the facilities of the OGCC (including objects of the main pipeline systems (MPS)) became the subject of active interaction between state authorities, sectorial scientists, and design, technological, construction, and operating organizations. The leading roles in this interaction belong to the Security Council, Rostekhnadzor, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the research centers of the largest companies (Transneft, Gazprom, Rosneft), and the leading universities in the country.

In the traditional and advanced safety developments for OGCC and MPS facilities, the priority will be under scientifically grounded combination of research, rationale, regulation, and expertise, as well as improvement of strength, durability, and safety of the technologies in the light of the emerging spectrum of threats and risks in the context of diversifying economy.

• Use of the calculations of allowable stresses [ ] or limiting resistances R<sup>и</sup>

tance to plastic deformation, failure, and loss of stability

Table 1. Types, purposes, and length of pipeline systems.

Figure 1. Scheme of operational loading of the pipeline.

the functional relation:

• Basic characteristics of the mechanical properties of pipe steels that determine the resis-

No. Type Purpose Length (ths. km)

Oil pipelines 55.3

Probabilistic Analysis of Transportation Systems for Oil and Natural Gas

Total 257.8

22.2 1.4 4.3

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75078

Product pipelines include: Ammonia pipelines NGL pipelines

1 Main pipelines Gas pipelines 180.2

2 Field pipelines General purpose 250.0 Total 507.2

Generally, the conditions of pipeline's strength, at present, can be described (Figure 1) [1–3] by

where —maximum designed stress for the most dangerous operating conditions (taking into account internal and external pressure р, axial forces N, bending , and torque in a critical section and a critical point); —critical (ultimate) stress, determined from the test

ð1Þ

83

The solution of these problems mainly lies in deterministic, statistical, and probabilistic methods of modeling, calculations, tests, and justification of performance of OGCC and MPS facilities.

Therefore, the major focus is on the probabilistic, statistical, and deterministic analysis of strength and durability of the main pipelines for oil and gas transportation.
