**2. Methods of content analysis**

A systematic search was performed via international and national literature reviews and studies using Google Scholar and PubMed as an electronic database, searching for abstracts in English from January 2005 till January 2017 for the international search [8] and January 2006 till May 2017 for the national search [3]. The general search terms used were: community pharmacist; extended roles; extended services; expansion roles; expansion services; perception; perspective; attitudes; barriers; limitation; expanded pharmacy services; pharmacist care services; enhanced pharmacy services; private pharmacies; future services; public


health; healthcare systems; review; pharmacy; community pharmacy; CPs; patient counseling; continuing pharmacy education; disease management; intervention; and healthcare. The abstracts were evaluated by the scholar researcher, searching for relevant materials that fitted with the inclusion criteria as depicted in **Table 1**. The abstracts that concordance with the inclusion criteria were assessed for full texts. Then, another two scholar researchers evaluated in detail the contents of each text, searching for materials that concordance with the criteria in **Table 1**. These inclusive texts were reflected in this report. The flow of the searching process

Community Pharmacy Marketing in the New Era: A Global Picture of Extended Community…

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74326

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was reflected in **Figures 1** and **2**.

**Figure 2.** Flow diagram for National Search.

**Figure 1.** Flow diagram for international search.

**Table 1.** Criteria for inclusion of studies in the report.

#### Community Pharmacy Marketing in the New Era: A Global Picture of Extended Community… http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74326 131

**Figure 1.** Flow diagram for international search.

patients [3]. In other words, GPs are performing their exercises regularly in the absence of CPs to audit their prescribing activities. Such exercises might cause their patients to vulnerable experience potential unwanted effects of improper prescribing and it was noted in an earlier study which corroborates the potentially inappropriate prescribing among the longterm care Irish patients [4]. Therefore, the roles of CPs to audit such improper prescribing among GPs are crucial accountabilities in the healthcare system. Nevertheless, the healthcare modus operandi must act in accordance with the mandatory regulation even though

As CPs, they are also accountable to advocate the consumers with respect to the safe use of medication, its effectiveness, and cost-effective affair. Such responsibilities were noted in earlier studies throughout the world. For example, it is noted that CPs in the United Kingdom are pointing out their role in maintaining safe use of medication among the consumers [5]. In Canada, CPs are executing the role to corroborate the prescriptions are filled up with quality, safe, and effective medications [6]. Additionally, it is noted that CPs in Finland are having the skills to ensure the rising cost that will not restrict the access to medications by the consumers [7]. Such honorable

Instead of the roles, it is also a crucial intentionality to determine divergent roles which might be performed in the developed and developing countries. Such dissimilar performance might make it easier for CPs to offer particular services in their community pharmacy settings. Furthermore, the services might have potential to intensify the reputation of CPs as a healthcare provider in the eyes of other healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and consumers. Additionally, the extended services might potentially enlarge the earnings scale in community pharmacy settings.

A systematic search was performed via international and national literature reviews and studies using Google Scholar and PubMed as an electronic database, searching for abstracts in English from January 2005 till January 2017 for the international search [8] and January 2006 till May 2017 for the national search [3]. The general search terms used were: community pharmacist; extended roles; extended services; expansion roles; expansion services; perception; perspective; attitudes; barriers; limitation; expanded pharmacy services; pharmacist care services; enhanced pharmacy services; private pharmacies; future services; public

Phenomenon of interest CPs' extended services; perceptions among CPs, customers, and GPs of extended services.

The outcome measures but not restricted to it were: (1) to describe extended services; (2) to describe perceptions among CPs, customers, and GPs toward extended services; (3) to

Identifying barriers toward extended services

identify barriers toward extended services

Types of studies Quantitative and qualitative studies; article reviews

such modus operandi might have potential to inflict harm on anyone else.

responsibilities are magnifying the potential roles of CPs in the healthcare system.

**2. Methods of content analysis**

**Population CPs, GPs, customers**

CPs, community pharmacists; GPs, general practitioners.

**Table 1.** Criteria for inclusion of studies in the report.

Primary outcome measures

130 Marketing

health; healthcare systems; review; pharmacy; community pharmacy; CPs; patient counseling; continuing pharmacy education; disease management; intervention; and healthcare. The abstracts were evaluated by the scholar researcher, searching for relevant materials that fitted with the inclusion criteria as depicted in **Table 1**. The abstracts that concordance with the inclusion criteria were assessed for full texts. Then, another two scholar researchers evaluated in detail the contents of each text, searching for materials that concordance with the criteria in **Table 1**. These inclusive texts were reflected in this report. The flow of the searching process was reflected in **Figures 1** and **2**.
