**3. ATEG design**

saving was 1.2% (9.2 g/mil CO2

188 Bringing Thermoelectricity into Reality

TEM for high-temperature applications.

onto generators (*Mg*<sup>2</sup> *Si*- and *MnSi*1.77-based materials).

the ATEG development is growing every year (**Figure 1**).

**Figure 1.** Research papers in ATEG (SCOPUS).

same time, CO2

ATEG with *Bi*<sup>2</sup> *Te*<sup>3</sup>

sumption or *CO*<sup>2</sup>

tion in *CO*<sup>2</sup>

in *CO*<sup>2</sup>

emission reduction) for a Ford F350 (6.2 L SOHC V8 flex fuel

emis-

engine) with maximum 1160 W and average 470 W generator power over US06 cycle. At the

sion increasing was explained by automobile weigh increasing and requiring more power for cooling system. These results confirm the necessity of TEG and all car systems optimization.

Fiat and Chrysler collaboration. The system was installed onto an IVECO Daily light-duty truck with a 2.3 l diesel engine, and showed a 2.2% increase in fuel efficiency (6.7 g/km reduc-

The RENOTER project, launched in 2008 by Renault Trucks and Volvo, was aimed at creating ATEG for diesel (100–300 W depending on the driving cycle) and gasoline (up to 500 W) passenger cars, as well as for large trucks (up to 1 kW) with 0.3–1.3 \$/W cost of generated electricity [24]. Apart from the heat exchanger design optimization, the project focused on the development of effective, cheap and reliable thermoelectric materials and their installation

The analysis of the ATEG projects over the past 15 years reveals the drive to reduce fuel con-

the reliability indicators. This has the following implications: ATEG must be investigated in dynamic as well as in stationary modes; tests over various operating cycles must be conducted, cheaper; less toxic materials must be used for TEM; reliability must be evaluated and maintained. Even though the projects do not always achieve their goals in full, the great

The analysis of publications shows that the number of papers dealing with various aspects of

potential in optimizing individual design and technological solutions is obvious.

emission increased by 0.2 g/mil for a BMW X3 28i with the ATEG. CO2

emission) over NEDC cycle and 3.9% increase in fuel efficiency (9.6 g/km reduction

emission) over WLTP cycle. The project also developed and tested skutterudite-based


emission, to make the design solutions economically efficient and to meet
