**Acknowledgements**

cycles. Interestingly, they concluded that these normograms might be applied to both high and poor responders [46]. Likewise, Almog et al. [47] showed the data distribution and percentiles were constructed for AMH values of infertile women from Europe and North America [47]. Similarly, Castro et al. [48] developed AFC normograms in Brazilian infertile women as a reference guide to the clinician for individual evaluation in Latin American patients [48].

Interest in research on prediction of ovarian response in assisted reproductive techniques has increased in recent years. Lee et al. [49] studied variations of AMH FSH, LH hormones in Korean women. This study described that basal LH/FSH ratio and AMH level has a valuable clinical meaning as an important predictor of ovarian response in IVF patients [49]. Furthermore, Cohen et al. [10], Keane et al. [50], Zebitay et al. [51], Zheng et al. [52], Goswami et al. [53] and Spressão et al. [54] have shown the important clinical application of AMH and AFC in the fertility counseling on infertile women correlated with pregnancy rates, live birth rates, number of retrieved eggs, fertilization rates and embryo development

Satwik et al. [55] reported the use of specific markers such as AMH has high predictive value for poor ovarian response compared to age and FSH [55]. Similarly, Mutlu et al. [32] compared AMH, FSH, age, and AFC for prognosis of success in TRA. They found AFC and AMH have significant predictive value of poor ovarian response in IVF patients, however age has

Recently, integration of different ovarian reserve markers with high significant statistical value has been proposed by a math equation to calculate reproductive units in Hispanic

Reproductive units (RU) = (AMH [ng/ml] × total AFC × Ovarian volume [cc])/Chronological

Calculation of the RU reflects the individual reproductive condition as a tool to prevent reproductive failure from early ages through advanced maternal age. Additionally, RU allows to clinicians provide individual counseling of birth control programs, postpone maternity by egg freeze programs, determine possible ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins in

Ovarian reserve (OR) is characterized by the number of eggs cells available to be fertilized throughout the female reproductive lifespan. OR is related with the capacity of female fertility suggesting that the clinical potential of measuring different biomarkers is a perfect tool to predict infertility cases. This has led to research to determine the high predictive value of different biomarkers and to increase treatment factors and to prevent new cases of

rates [10, 50–54].

age

infertility.

significant predictive value of live births [32].

118 Biomarker - Indicator of Abnormal Physiological Process

ART, and prognosis of pregnancy success [56].

**3. Discussion and conclusions**

**2.6. Proposed algorithm for reproductive determination**

healthy young women with no signs of reproductive failure [56].

This work was supported by a grant from the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia—Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión (Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas UPTC—GICBUPTC, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas).
