*4.5.2. Retina*

The use of retinal recognition is appropriate in areas with high security requirements such as nuclear development, arms development, as well as manufacturing, government and military bases, secret organizations, and so on.

**Figure 22.** Panasonic BM-ET200; EyeLock Nano; Iritech.

A pioneer in developing these identification systems is primarily EyeDentify, which designed and manufactured the EyeDentify 7.5 EyeDentificationSystem (see **Figure 23**) and its latest ICAM 2001 model, which was designed in 2001.

third generation can already find the eye in the camera, move the optical system to the center of the image (alignment of the optical axis of the eye and the camera), and take pictures of the eye retina (in visible spectrum) to shoot a short video (in infrared spectrum). The fourth generation will be able to capture almost the entire ocular background (not just a direct view in the optical axis of the eye) and combine the image into one file. This will, certainly, be associated with software that can already find the macula and blind spot, arteries, vessels, detect and extract bifurcations and crossings, and find areas with potential pathological findings, while we can detect exudates/druses and hemorrhages, including the calculation of their area. In the future, we focus on the reliability and accuracy of detectors and extractors, including other types of illnesses that will be in the main interests of

Recognition of Eye Characteristics

33

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76026

This chapter describes biometric identification based on the internal organs of the eye, retina, and iris. These methods are very accurate and used in areas with the highest safety requirements. The features to identify the eye are very unique in each individual, and the likelihood of finding two of the exact same identifiers is much smaller than, for example, a

While iris recognition devices are relatively well known just for their seamlessness and relatively good user-friendliness, it is not so for the retina. Currently, there is no device for eye retina recognition. All the devices sold so far have not been successful mainly because of their relatively poor user-friendly interface. This method is used more where there is a high demand toward the deception of the sensors; a relatively complicated retinal scanning process guarantees a certain degree of safety against the replication of a retinal specimen.

This work was supported by The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic from the National Programme of Sustainability (NPU II); project *IT4Innovations* 

Faculty of Information Technology, Centre of Excellence IT4Innovations, Brno University of

ophthalmologists.

**5. Conclusion**

fingerprint.

**Acknowledgements**

*excellence in science—LQ1602*.

Technology, Brno, Czech Republic

Address all correspondence to: drahan@fit.vutbr.cz

**Author details**

Martin Drahanský

Others are *Retinal Technologies*, known since 2004 as Retica Systems, but details of their system are not known.

The company *TPI* (Trans Pacific Int.) has recently offered an ICAM 2001-like sensor, but there is no longer any information available.

At the end of this subchapter, we devote our attention to our own construction of an interesting and nonexistent device that can be used both in the field of biometric systems and in the field of ophthalmology. This device is a fully automatic non-mydriatic fundus camera. Many years ago, we started with a simple device (see **Figure 24** on the left), but over time, we came to the third generation of the device (see **Figure 24** on the right). We are now working on the fourth generation of this device that will be fully automatic. The original concept was focused only on the retina (a direct view in the optical axis of the eye), then we arrived (second generation) to retrieve the retina and the iris of the eye in one device, while the third and fourth generations are again focused only on the retina of the eye. The

**Figure 23.** EyeDentify 7.5 EyeDentificationSystem [31].

**Figure 24.** A non-mydriatic fundus camera of our own development—first generation on the left, second generation in the middle, and third generation on the right.

third generation can already find the eye in the camera, move the optical system to the center of the image (alignment of the optical axis of the eye and the camera), and take pictures of the eye retina (in visible spectrum) to shoot a short video (in infrared spectrum). The fourth generation will be able to capture almost the entire ocular background (not just a direct view in the optical axis of the eye) and combine the image into one file. This will, certainly, be associated with software that can already find the macula and blind spot, arteries, vessels, detect and extract bifurcations and crossings, and find areas with potential pathological findings, while we can detect exudates/druses and hemorrhages, including the calculation of their area. In the future, we focus on the reliability and accuracy of detectors and extractors, including other types of illnesses that will be in the main interests of ophthalmologists.
