**Preface XI**

**Section 1 Biometrics 1**


Preface

In recent years, biometric researches tend to more closely incorporate with booming ma‐ chine learning technologies, including deep learning approaches, for automatic feature ex‐ traction and description and for upgraded generalization performance. We introduce several new basic approaches on biometrics and machine learning in this book, and new propositions on applying machine learning algorithms to biometrics as well. We divided the book into two parts: Biometrics (Part I), and Machine Learning for Biometrics (Part II).

Part I "Biometrics" contains four chapters. Chapter 1 "Introduction" provides a brief and general introduction of the biometrics and machine learning. Chapter 2 "Recognition of Eye Characteristics" deals with the recognition of different types of information contained with‐ in the human eye, namely the iris and retina. Chapter 3 "Soft Biometrics" provides a holistic survey on soft biometrics that shows major works focusing on facial soft biometrics. It de‐ scribes advanced techniques for feature extraction and classification that have been recently proposed and discusses the strengths and limitations of each technique. Chapter 4 "Face Recognition with Facial Occlusion Based on Local Cycle Graph Structure Operator" presents a local cycle graph structure (LCGS) operator for face recognition with facial occlusion.

Part II "Machine Learning for Biometrics" contains three chapters. Chapter 5 "Electrocardio‐ gram Recognition Based on Variational Autoencoder" proposes a system to assist medical doctors by employing a technique based on variational autoencoder for automatic and fast estimation of the distortions. Chapter 6 "Survey on Methods of Image Processing and Rec‐ ognition for Personal Identification" explores a survey of techniques on image processing and recognition for individual identification. Chapter 7 "A Human Body Mathematical Model Biometric Using Golden Ratio: A New Algorithm" provides more than 35-measure‐ ment rules derived from the perspectives of Vitruvian Man and Neufert and their basis of

The book is reviewed by editors: Prof. Jucheng Yang, Prof. Dong Sun Park, Prof. Sook Yoon,

**Jucheng Yang, Yarui Chen, and Chuanlei Zhang** Tianjin University of Science and Technology

> Tianjin, China **Dong Sun Park**

> > **Sook Yoon**

Chonbuk National University Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea

Mokpo National university Jeonnam, Republic of Korea

the golden proportion to build a human body model on computers.

Dr. Yarui Chen, and Dr. Chuanlei Zhang.
