**3. Conclusions**

Clay nanoparticles have traditionally been used in many applications such as treatment, skin chemotherapy, and medicine to improve the human health and life. In addition, they have recently been developed as additives, lubricants, and active materials in pharmaceutical formulation. Although their application in food science is relatively limited, they have the potential to deliver nutrients. Their unique structure is able to place bioactive molecules in the interior space. Nanoparticles that contain nutrients have the ability to protect GI against the environment and control the release features. They can enter the cell and with their adhesion properties facilitate the transfer of GI molecules against barriers. Also, they exhibit low toxicity. Research on the development of clay nanoparticles based on oral delivery systems for nutrients or functional compounds indicates that they are effective in protecting and controlling deliveries and also contributing to the increased bioavailability. The promising potential of the clay nanoparticles makes a new perspectives for the development of nano-based oral delivery systems. The toxicity of nanomaterials is a very important issue. In general, the results show that higher doses of clay nanoparticles result in the death of cells, which is a concern for medical applications. As an important point in the application of clay nanoparticles in delivery systems, to achieve claybased controlled delivery systems, one of the best ways is to place organic molecules on the underlying layers of mineral clay. Besides, its composites can be used to improve properties.
