**4. Fluid management**

Fluid management should be "goal directed," that is, guided by the above-mentioned hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters, and with the aim to avoid a fluid overload, which is very harmful for the lungs and the right ventricle, while providing adequate intravascular space filling. This should be done via balanced colloids and crystalloids in order to avoid electrolyte disorders and hyperchloremic hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis. Adequate oxygen delivery is ensured by maintaining the hemoglobin level around 10–11 g/dL and an adequate plasma oncotic power is ensured by giving the right amount of albumin.
