**Appendices and nomenclature**

HTx: heart transplant

HF: heart failure

AHF: advanced heart failure

CS: cardiogenic shock

**8. Conclusions**

26 Heart Transplantation

some concepts:

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death around the world, and with the improvement in therapeutics leading to an increase of life expectancy it is probable that we will see increasing number of patients with HF. Also, prevalence of HF in the overall population ranges between 1 and 2% depending on the country. Therefore it is expected that the number of patients with AHF will continue rising after this review. Yet it is important keep in mind

• Establishing HF etiology could play a key role in the management and prognosis of the patient and his family, especially if there is an identified genetic cardiomyopathy.

• NYHA scale is useful to determine functional capacity, however objective tests should be

• Optimization of HF treatment with medication and devices according to the latest guide-

• LTVADs as BTT or BTC is an appropriate management strategy in selected cases, especially

• HTx remains the optimal therapy for patients in stage D HF, however with the shortage of donors and the improvement in technology, LTVADs as DT might change the management

We would like to thank Dr. Nicolás Manito and Dr. Josep Roca for their advice, tireless teaching and wisdom. Also Magda Nebot, Laia Rosenfeld and Carmen Mejuto for their invaluable

used in order to establish a more reliable prognosis in this population.

lines is mandatory before considering advanced therapies.

We declare no conflicts of interest in writing this chapter.

if they are in an INTERMACS 3 profile.

strategy in developed countries.

**Appendices and nomenclature**

**Acknowledgements**

daily work and support.

**Conflict of interest**

HTx: heart transplant

HF: heart failure

VAD: ventricular assist device

MCS: mechanical circulatory support

BTT: bridge to transplant

BTC: bridge to candidacy

BTD: bridge to decision

STVAD: short-term ventricular assist device

LTVAD: long-term ventricular assist device

BTR: bridge to recovery

DT: destination therapy

NYHA: New York heart association

PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

RAP: right atrial pressure

DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy

HCM: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

RCM: restrictive cardiomyopathy

CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise testing

VO2: oxygen uptake

VE/VC02: ventilation to carbon dioxide slope

RER: respiratory exchange ratio

6'WT: 6-minute walking test

SHFM: Seattle Heart Failure Model

HFSS: heart failure survival score

INTERMACS: Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support

PHT: pulmonary hypertension

PGF: primary graft failure

RVF: right ventricular failure

SPAP: systolic pulmonary arterial pressure

MPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure CO: cardiac output TPG: transpulmonary gradient PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance ISHLT: International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation BMI: body mass index HLA: human leucocyte antigen PRA: panel-reactive antibody BiVAD: biventricular assist device ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump LVAD: left ventricular assist device RVAD: right ventricular assist device TAH: total artificial heart
