**AppendixA. American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines for the clinical management of patients with primary mitral regurgitations.**

**AppendixB. American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines for the clinical management** 

hemodynamics

ERO <30 cm<sup>2</sup> and a regurgitant volume and fraction of <30–40 ml and <50%

respectively

ERO ≥30 cm<sup>2</sup> and a regurgitant volume and fraction

≥30–40 ml and ≥50% respectively

\*Regurgitant fraction

\*ERO 0.20 cm<sup>2</sup> \*Regurgitant volume

30 mL

50%

of

Absence of any visible regurgitant jets with Doppler and little vena contracta of <0.30 cm

Mitral Valve Insufficiency, a Constituent of Left Atrial Myxoma: Pathobiology, Physiopathology…

Resultant consequence

\*Motion

\*Motion

\*Motion

\*Motion

abnormalities with probably dilated left vertical with geometric change \*Myocardial disease

abnormalities with probably dilated left vertical with geometric change \*Myocardial disease

abnormalities with probably dilated left vertical with geometric change \*Myocardial disease

abnormalities with probably dilated left vertical with geometric change \*Myocardial disease

Symptoms

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76510

Evident symptoms are those of coronary ischemia which could be reversed with adequate therapy

51

Evident symptoms are those of coronary ischemia which could be reversed with adequate therapy

Evident symptoms are those of coronary ischemia which could be reversed with adequate therapy

\* Evident symptoms are those of coronary ischemia which could be reversed with adequate therapy \*Exertional dyspnea

\*Decreased exercises tolerance level

**of patients with secondary mitral regurgitations.**

Normal valve architecture in patients with cardiomyopathy or coronary diseases

Loss of leaflets coaptation centrally combined with annular dilatation and motion abnormalities which are regional

Loss of leaflets coaptation centrally combined with annular dilatation and motion abnormalities which are regional

Loss of leaflets coaptation centrally combined with annular dilatation and motion abnormalities which are regional

Anatomy Valvular

**Author details**

Class Class

I At potential risk of mitral valve regurgitation development

II Gradual

III Tolerant

IV Symptomatic

progressive mitral regurgitation

asymptomatic mitral regurgitation [Severe]

Severe mitral regurgitation

interpretation

Iroegbu Chukwuemeka Daniel<sup>1</sup>

Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China

, Zhongxin Zhou1

1 Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou

2 Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University,

\*Address all correspondence to: 100000105023@xzhmu.edu.cn

Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China

\*, Zhang Hao1

and Jindong Liu1,2

