**Author details**

the hypokinetic type of central maternal hemodynamics with a reduced peripheral vascular resistance is one of the leading pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of preeclampsia

The main clinical manifestation of placental insufficiency in patients with MVP is chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia (7.33), which is detected in 34.5% of pregnant women, which is significantly higher than in women without MVP (13.2%). Dopplerometric examination of blood flow velocities revealed a violation of both placental and uterine-placental blood flow. In 11.2% of pregnant women with MVP on the background of chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia, the fetal growth retardation (FGR) syndrome was detected, and in 84.4%—on the background of preeclampsia. In the development of placental insufficiency, the main and often initial causes are hemodynamic microcirculatory disorders. The factors that are genetically determined, exist in the maternal organism initially, also play a role in the formation of placental insufficiency, while the process of collagen formation has a

In the presence of a syndrome of non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue, the mother has the prerequisites for the birth of children with small developmental anomalies and congenital heart defects (MVP, TVP, left ventricular abnormal chords, patent foramen ovale, open arterial duct, atrial and interventricular septal defect). In children born from mothers

The more significant clinical manifestations and a higher incidence of obstetric and perinatal complications are noted when MVP is combined with other intracardiac anomalies. Thus, in pregnant women with mitral valve prolapse and in combination with abnormally located chord and congenital heart disease (atrial septal defect), there is a significant increase in car-

The postpartum period is characterized by a significant "positive" dynamics of ultrasound indicators of the degree of prolapse of the mitral valve and the degree of mitral regurgitation: they decrease reliably, even in comparison with the data during echocardiography in the first trimester of pregnancy. Thus, according to literature data [3, 5, 7, 10, 16, 41, 49, 50], women with MVP and other connective tissue anomalies of heart development are considered to be at high risk for complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and perinatal

**1.** systematic prenatal supervision by an obstetrician and a cardiologist as during pregnancy,

**2.** in every trimester of pregnancy, it is necessary to carry out echocardiography, ECG, daily

and placental insufficiency (fetal hypoxia and IUGR) [4, 33].

92 Structural Insufficiency Anomalies in Cardiac Valves

with MVP, minor heart anomalies were detected in 16.4% [49].

In connection with this, the following measures should be taken:

and at the stage of pregravid preparation;

diac clinical symptoms from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy [5].

certain role [7].

morbidity.

**8. Conclusion**

ECG monitoring;

Ignatko Irina Vladimirovna\*, Strizhakov Leonid Alexandrovich, Rodionova Alexandra Mihailovna and Martirosova Alina Lorisovna

\*Address all correspondence to: iradocent@mail.ru

First Moscow State Medical University, I. M. Sechenov (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
