**Marker Assisted Breeding**

The present book consists of six chapters devoted to marker-assisted breeding, i.e., wheat, soybean, and vegetables, together with RNA-seq and gene editing in plants. All of these chapters are written by scientists who have experience in biotechnological plant breeding. I would like to thank all of the authors not only for making a valuable contribution to recent resources in modern plant breeding but also for enabling this "Open Acess" publication to reach many scientists, teachers, and students working in the field. Moreover, I would also like to thank Intech Publishing Company, especially Ms. Ivana Glavic, Author Service Man‐ ager, and the technical editor of the book. Finally, I would like to thank my beloved husband, Mr. Burak Çiftçi; my two lovely sons, İbrahim Tuna and Kuzey Kenan; my dear parents, Öz‐ den and Çiftçi family; and my research team for all their patience, support, and courage.

VIII Preface

**Prof. Yelda Özden Çiftçi** Gebze Technical University

Kocaeli, Turkey

Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Marker-Assisted Breeding in Wheat**

**Marker-Assisted Breeding in Wheat**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.74724

Selection is an integral component in plant breeding, which ensures the progressive values of the breeding material, in terms of yield and quality. However, selection is influenced by the environment in any given growing season. The observed phenotype is a product of the genotype (G), the environment (E), and/or genotype × environment (G×E). Therefore, phenotypic selection is not always the best predirector of the genotype. Therefore, an environment-independent method is preferred by the breeder. The development of molecular markers in plants has facilitated marker-assisted selection (MAS). MAS requires the establishment of correlation between a desired trait such as disease resistance and molecular marker(s). This can be obtained, e.g., by phenotyping a genetic mapping population followed by QTL analysis. Initially, this process was slow due to the laborious nature of the first DNA molecular marker system, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Later, with the discovery of various marker systems amenable to automation and the development of genotyping techniques and instruments, MAS has become a standard procedure in plant breeding. In wheat breeding, MAS helped to accelerate the introgression of many genes that contribute to improve quality and resistance.

**Keywords:** wheat, marker-assisted breeding, molecular markers, wheat diseases,

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Wheat is one of the most important sources of food worldwide. Data from FAOSTAT indicate that the need is still growing, indicated by the steadily increasing yield since 1961 (**Figure 1**). The need for an enhanced wheat production combined with stagnation in the area cultivated (**Figure 1**) leads to a demand for a more effective and higher yielding wheat production.

Nana Vagndorf, Peter Skov Kristensen, Jeppe Reitan Andersen, Ahmed Jahoor and

Nana Vagndorf, Peter Skov Kristensen, Jeppe Reitan Andersen, Ahmed Jahoor and

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74724

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Jihad Orabi

Jihad Orabi

**Abstract**

wheat quality

**1. Introduction**

**Chapter 1 Provisional chapter**

### **Marker-Assisted Breeding in Wheat Marker-Assisted Breeding in Wheat**

Nana Vagndorf, Peter Skov Kristensen, Jeppe Reitan Andersen, Ahmed Jahoor and Jihad Orabi Nana Vagndorf, Peter Skov Kristensen, Jeppe Reitan Andersen, Ahmed Jahoor and Jihad Orabi

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74724

### **Abstract**

Selection is an integral component in plant breeding, which ensures the progressive values of the breeding material, in terms of yield and quality. However, selection is influenced by the environment in any given growing season. The observed phenotype is a product of the genotype (G), the environment (E), and/or genotype × environment (G×E). Therefore, phenotypic selection is not always the best predirector of the genotype. Therefore, an environment-independent method is preferred by the breeder. The development of molecular markers in plants has facilitated marker-assisted selection (MAS). MAS requires the establishment of correlation between a desired trait such as disease resistance and molecular marker(s). This can be obtained, e.g., by phenotyping a genetic mapping population followed by QTL analysis. Initially, this process was slow due to the laborious nature of the first DNA molecular marker system, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Later, with the discovery of various marker systems amenable to automation and the development of genotyping techniques and instruments, MAS has become a standard procedure in plant breeding. In wheat breeding, MAS helped to accelerate the introgression of many genes that contribute to improve quality and resistance.

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.74724

**Keywords:** wheat, marker-assisted breeding, molecular markers, wheat diseases, wheat quality
