**5.6. Phenomics for precise and high-throughput phenotyping**

Enormous sequence information is being generated through new-generation high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies [186]. But, precise, accurate, and high-throughput phenotyping of the traits on a large scale remains strenuous [187]. Field-based phenotyping (FBP) facilities are now being initiated to have a more realistic evaluation of the plant responses to environment [188]. Infrared thermography is being utilized for large-scale phenotyping of plants responses to abiotic stress including HT in wheat and chrysanthemum [189–191]. The chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and canopy temperature were assessed in wheat to identify HT types [132, 143, 192, 193]. Recently, high-resolution thermal imaging system was used to precisely measure the leaf temperature [194]. The phenotyping platforms established to screen for HT include "HTpheno" for image analysis [195] and "Rootscope" used to quantify heat-shock responses in plants [196]. In the near future, the new-generation phenomics platforms would allow cost-effective and user-friendly screening for HT in crop plants.

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