Class: Coscinodiscophyceae

CENTRIC DIATIOMS Phylum: Ochrophyta (Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith & Chao, Class: Coscinodiscophyceae (Round & Crawford in Round, Crawford & Mann, 1990)

57 Guinardia flaccid (Castracane) Peragallo, 1892

1996

1878

1880

Hasle, 1966

Grunow, 1884

Cleve, 1903

1900

1892

1863)

1844)

1907

58 Guinardia striata (Stolferfoth) Hasle,

59 Dactyliosolen fragilissimus (Bergon)

60 Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve,

61 Cyclotella striata (Kutzing) Grunow,

62 Stephanopyxis palmeriana (Greville)

63 Helicotheca tamesis (Shrubsole) Richard, 1890

64 Thalassiosira longissima Baltica (Grunow) Ostenfeld 1901

65 Thalassiosira eccentric (Ehrenberg)

67 Thalassiosira leptopus (Grunow ex Van Heurck) Hasle & Fryxell, 1977

70 Planktoniella sol (Wallich) Schutt,

73 Triceratium robertsianum (Graville,

74 Triceratium reticulum (Ehrenberg,

75 Triceratium alternans (Bailey) Mann,

66 Thalassiosira subtilis (Ostenfeld) Gran

68 Thalassiosira anguste-lineata (Schmidt) Fryxell & Hasle, 1977

69 Thalassiosira oceanica (Halse, 1983) ++ + + + +

71 Lauderia annulata (Cleve, 1873) ++ + + + +

72 Triceratium favus (Ehrenberg, 1839) ++ + + + +

S. No Family S. No Species PRM MON POM PRM MON POM

Checklist, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Marine Microalgae from Offshore Visakhapatnam, Bay of…

2011–2012 2012–2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75549

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

+ — + + — +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

++ + + — +

++ + + + +

+ — + + — +

++ + + + +

+

+ +

27

++ + Contd.

1996)

15 Skeletonemaceae (Lebour, 1930)

16 Stephanodiscaceae (Glezer and Makarova, 1986)

17 Stephanopyxidaceae (Nikole in Round et al.1990)

18 Streptothecaceae (Crawford,1990)

19 Thalassiosiraceae (Lebour 1930)

20 Lauderiaceae (Schutt) Lemmermann, 1899

21 Triceratiaceae (Schutt) Lemmermann, 1899

Thalassiosiraceae (Hasle, 1973)

CENTRIC DIATIOMS Phylum: Ochrophyta (Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith & Chao, Class: Coscinodiscophyceae (Round & Crawford in Round, Crawford & Mann, 1990)

36 Eucampia cornuta (Cleve) Grunow,

38 Cerataulina pelagic (Cleve) Hendey,

39 Actinocyclus octonarius var. crassus (Smith) Hendey, 1954

40 Actinocyclus ehrenbergii (Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861)

41 Hemidiscus cuneiformis (Wallich,

46 Lithodesmium undulatum (Ehrenberg,

47 Ditylum brightwellii (West) Grunow,

48 Ditylum sol Grunow (Grunow) De Toni, 1984

49 Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve,

50 Melosira moniliformis (Muller) Agardh, 1824

51 Melosira nummuloides (Agardh,

52 Rhizosolenia castracanei (Peragallo,

54 Rhizosolenia imbricate (Brightwell,

56 Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundstrom, 1986

1883

1937

1860)

1839)

1885

1873

1824)

1888)

1858)

S. No Family S. No Species PRM MON POM PRM MON POM

35 Hemiaulus sinensis (Greville, 1865) ++ + — + +

37 Eucampia zodiacus (Ehrenberg, 1839) ++ + + + +

42 Palmeria hardmaniana (Greville, 1865) ++ + + + +

43 Podosira stelliger (Bailey) Mann, 1907 ++ + + + +

44 Leptocylindrus danicus (Cleve, 1889) ++ + + + + 45 Leptocylindrus minimus (Gran, 1915) ++ + + + +

53 Rhizosolenia crassa (Schimper, 1905) ++ + + + +

55 Rhizosolenia formosa (Peragallo, 1888) ++ + + + +

2011–2012 2012–2013

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

+ + — + + —

+ — + + — +

++ + + + +

— + + — + +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

+ — + + — +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

++ + + + +

— + + — — +

1996)

26 Microalgal Biotechnology

9 Hemidiscaceae (Hendey, 1937)

10 Hyalodiscaceae (Crawford in Round et al. 1990)

11 Leptocylindraceae (Lebour, 1930)

12 Lithodesmiaceae (Round in Round et al. 1990)

13 Melosiraceae (Kutzing 1844)

14 Rhizosolenia (De Toni, 1890)



Pennate Diatoms Phylum: Ochrophyta (Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith & Chao, Class: Bacillariophyceae (Haeckel,

17 Cymbella cistula (Ehrenberg) Kirchner,

21 Delphineis surirella (Ehrenberg) Andrews

23 Tabularia fasciculata (Agardh) Williams &

22 Delphineis surirelloides (Simonsenii)

25 Asterionellopsis glacialis (Castracane)

29 Fragilariopsis doliolus (Wallich) Medlin &

32 Lyrella hennedyi (Smith) Stickle & Mann,

36 Trachyneis aspera (Ehrenberg)

37 Meuniera membranacea (Cleve)

Cleve, 1894

Silva, 1996

30 Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (O'meara)

28 Fragilariopsis oceanica (Cleve)

S.No Family S.N Species PRM MON PRM MON PRM MON

Checklist, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Marine Microalgae from Offshore Visakhapatnam, Bay of…

16 Cymbella cymbiformis (Agardh, 1830) ++ + — + +

18 Diploneis splendida (Cleve, 1894) ++ ++ ++ 19 Diploneis bombus (Ehrenberg, 1953) + — ++ ++ 20 Diploneis littoralis (Donkin) Cleve, 1894 + — ++ ++

26 Asterionella inflata (Heib, 1863) + — ++ ++ 27 Fragilaria crotonensis (Kitton, 1869) ++ ++ ++

31 Licmophora abbreviate (Agarth, 1831) + — + — — +

33 Lyrella lyra (Ehrenberg) Karajeva, 1978 + + — + — +

34 Navicula semen (Ehrenberg) 1843 ++ ++ ++ 35 Navicula peticolasii (Peragallo, 1909) + — ++ + —

38 Pleurosigma directum (Grunow, 1880) ++ ++ ++ 39 Pleurosigma elongatum (Smith, 1852) ++ ++ ++

2011–2012 2012–2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75549

29

+ + — + — —

++ ++ ++

++ ++ ++

+ + — + — —

— — + + — +

+ — + + — +

++ ++ ++

++ ++ ++

++ ++ ++

++ + — + +

— — + — + +

++ ++ — +

1878)

1878

1981

Andrews, 1977

Round, 1986

Round, 1990

Hasle, 1965

Sims, 1993

1990

Husbedt, 1952

24 Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehernberg, 1832

1996)

5 Cymbellaceae (Greville, 1833)

6 Diploneidaceae (Mann, 1990)

7 Rhaphoneidaceae (Forti, 1912)

8 Fragilariaceae (Greville, 1833)

9 Licmophoraceae (Kutzing, 1844)

11 Naviculacaea (Kutzing, 1844)

10 Lyrellaceae (Mann, 1990)

CENTRIC DIATIOMS Phylum: Ochrophyta (Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith & Chao,

Pennate Diatoms Phylum: Ochrophyta (Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith & Chao,

1996)

1 Amphipleuraceae (Grunow, 1862)

2 Bacillariaceae

3 Catenulaceae

1902)

4 Cocconeidaceae (Kutzing, 1844)

(Mereschkowsky,

(Ehrenberg, 1831)

Class: Coscinodiscophyceae (Round & Crawford in Round, Crawford & Mann, 1990)

76 Odontella longicruris (Greville) Hoben, 1983

77 Odontella mobiliensis (Bailey) Grunow, 1884

1884

1878)

1853

1951

1939)

1990

Species 78.

78 Odontella sinensis (Greville) Grunow,

Class 1, Families 21, Genera 33 and

Class: Bacillariophyceae (Haeckel,

4 Nitzschia longissima (Brebisson, in Kutzing) Ralfs, 1861

6 Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W. Smith

8 Bacillaria paxillifera (Muller.) Hendey,

9 Pseudonitzschia australis (Frenguelli,

10 Pseudonitzschia pungens (Grunow ex

11 Tryblionella compressa (Bailey) Poulin,

15 Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta (Ehrenberg) Grunow, 1884

cleve) Hasle, 1993

S.No Family S.N Species PRM MON PRM MON PRM MON

1 Amphiprora gigantea (Grunow, 1860) ++ ++ ++ 2 Amphiprora alata (Ehrenberg),1845 + + — + — + 3 Frustulia specula (Amosse, 1932) + + — — + —

5 Nitzschia macilenta (Gregory, 1857) ++ ++ ++

7 Ceratoneis closterium (Ehrenberg, 1839) ++ ++ ++

12 Amphora laevis (Gregory, 1857) — + + — + + 13 Amphora delphineiformis (Levkov, 2009) ++ ++ + — 14 Amphora obtusa (Gregory, 1857) ++ ++ ++

S. No Family S. No Species PRM MON POM PRM MON POM

2011–2012 2012–2013

++ + + + +

++ + + — —

++ + + + +

69 68 68 70 67 66

2011–2012 2012–2013

++ ++ ++

++ ++ ++

— — + — + +

++ ++ ++

++ ++ ++

++ ++ ++

+ + — + — —

1996)

28 Microalgal Biotechnology



Phylum: Dinophyta (Round, 1973)

1 Ceratiaceae (Lindeman, 1928)

2 Dinophysaceae (Butschli, 1885)

3 Gymnodiniaceae (Lankester, 1885)

4 Protoperidiniaceae (Taylor, 1987)

Class: Dinophyceae (Fritsch in West &

1 Neoceratium breve (Ostenfeld & Schmidt) Gomez, Moreira & Lopez-Garcia, 2010

2 Neoceratium furca (Ehrenberg) Gomez, Moreira & Lopez-Garcia, 2010

3 Neoceratium karsteni (Pavillard, 1907) Gomez, Moreira & Lopez-Garcia, 2010

4 Neoceratium macroceros (Ehrenberg) Gomez, Moreira & Lopez-Garcia, 2010

5 Neoceratium teres (Kofoid) Gomez, Moreira &

6 Neoceratium tripos (Muller) Gomez, Moreira &

7 Neoceratium symmetricum (Pavillard) Gomez, Moreira & Lopez-Garcia, 2010

8 Neoceratium horridum (Gran) Gomez, Moreira

17 Ornithocercus thumii (Schmidt) Kofoid &

18 Karenia brevis (Davis) Hansen & Moestrup,

21 Akashiwo sanguine (Hirasaka) Hansen &

22 Protoperidinium thorianum (Paulsen) Balech,

23 Protoperidinium depressum (Bailey) Balech,

25 Protoperidinium oceanicum (VanHoffen)

Skoggberg, 1928

Moestrup, 2000

2000

1974

1974

Balech, 1974

Lopez-Garcia, 2010

Lopez-Garcia, 2010

& Lopez-Garcia, 2010

Family Species PRM MON POM PRM MON POM

Checklist, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Marine Microalgae from Offshore Visakhapatnam, Bay of…

9 Ceratium seta (Ehrenberg) Kent, 1881 ++ + — — + 10 Ceratium pacificum (Wood, 1963) + — + ++ — 11 Ceratium uteri (Campbell, 1934) — + + ++ +

 Dinophysis caudata (Saville-Kent, 1881) ++ + + — + Dinophysis dens (Pavillard, 1915) + + — + — + Dinophysis fortii (Pavillard, 1923) + + — ++ + Dinophysis miles (Cleve, 1900) ++ + ++ + Ornithocercus magnificus (Stein, 1883) ++ + — — +

19 Gymnodinium danicans (Cambell, 1973) + + — + — + 20 Gymnodinium dentatum (Larsen, 1994) + — + ++ —

24 Protoperidinium elegans (Cleve) Balech, 1974 ++ + ++ —

2011–2012 2012–2013

++ + ++ +

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75549

31

— + + ++ +

— + + — + +

— + — + + —

+ — — ++ +

— + ++ — +

— + + ++ +

— — + — + +

+ — + ++ +

++ + ++ +

— + + ++ +

++ + ++ +

+ + — + — —

+ — + — + +

Fritsch, 1927)


Checklist, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Marine Microalgae from Offshore Visakhapatnam, Bay of… http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75549 31

Pennate Diatoms Phylum: Ochrophyta (Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith & Chao, Class: Bacillariophyceae (Haeckel,

40 Pleurosigma normanii (Ralfs in Pritchard

41 Gyrosigma balticum (Ehrenberg) Robenhorst, 1853

43 Grammatophora marina (Lyngbye)

45 Thalassionema bacillare (Heiden) Kolbe,

46 Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) Mereschkowsky, 1902

47 Thalassionema frauenfeldii (Grunow) Tempere & Peragallo, 1910

48 Thalassiothrix longissima (Cleve &

49 Thalassiothrix heteromorpha (Karsten,

Phylum: Ochrophyta S. No Species 2011–2012 2012–2013

1 Dictyocha fibula (Ehernberg,

3 Octactis octonaria Ehernberg Hovasse, 1946

4 Nannochloropsis gaditana (Lubian, 1982)

Families 2, Class 2, Genera 3 and Species 4 4 2 3 3 3 3

Class 2: Eustigmatophyceae (Hibberd & Leedale, 1971)

Class 1, Families 15, Genera 30 and Species 49 42 36 38 37 33 38

Grunow 1880)

Family Class 1: Dictyochophyceae (Silva, 1980)

1839)

2 Dictyocha staurodon (Ehrenberg, 1844)

1907)

42 Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin, 1897)

Kutzing, 1844

1955

S.No Family S.N Species PRM MON PRM MON PRM MON

44 Surirella patella (Kutzing, 1844) + — + — — +

2011–2012 2012–2013

++ ++ ++

++ ++ — +

++ ++ ++

+ + — + — +

++ ++ ++

++ ++ + —

++ ++ ++

++ ++ — +

+ + — — + —

PRM MON POM PRM MON POM

+ + — ++ +

+ — + + — —

+ — + — + +

++ + ++ +

1878)

1861)

1996)

30 Microalgal Biotechnology

12 Phaeodactylaceae (Lewin, 1958)

13 Striatellaceae (Kutzing, 1844)

14 Surirellaceae

(Kutzing, 1844)

15 Thalassionemataceae (Round and Crawford in Round et al. 1990)

1 Dictyochaceae

2 Monodopsidaceae (Hibberd, 1981)

(Lemmermann, 1901)



Phylum: Cyanobacteria (Stanier ex Cavalier-Smith,

5 Synechococcaceae (Nageli,

6 Chroococcaceae (Hansgirg,

Phylum: Euglenozoa (Cavalier-

1 Eutreptiaceae (Hollande, 1942)

Phylum: Chlorophyta (Pascher, 1914)

Family Class 1: Chlorodendrophyceae (Massjuk, 2006)

Class 1: Euglenophyceae (Schoenichen, 1925)

2 Euglenaceae (Dujardin, 1841) 3 Euglena proxima (Dangeard,

1 Chlorodendraceae (Oltmanns, 1904) 1 Tetraselmis gracilis (Kylin)

Class 2: Chlorophyceae (Wille in Warming, 1884)

Class 3: Trebouxiophyceae (Friedl, 1995)

1901)

1925)

Class: Cyanophyceae (Schaffner,

Family PRM MON POM PRM MON POM

Checklist, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Marine Microalgae from Offshore Visakhapatnam, Bay of…

Class 1, Families 6, Genera 8 and Species 11. 11 9 9 10 9 8

Family PRM MON POM PRM MON POM

4 Euglena ascusformis (Schiller,

Class 1, Families 2, Genera 2, Species 4 4 3 2 3 3 3

Butcher, 1959

2 Dunaliellaceae (Christensen, 1967) 3 Dunaliella tertiolecta (Butcher, 1959) + + + + + +

3 Chlamydomonadaceae (Stein, 1878) 5 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Dangeard, 1888) — ++ + — +

4 Chlorellaceae (Brunnthaler, 1913) 6 Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck, 1890) + + + + + + 5 Oocystaceae (Bohlin, 1901) 7 Oocystis solitaria (Wittrock, 1879) + + — + — — Class 3, Families 5, Genera 5 and Species 7. 6 7 6 7 4 4

9 Schizothrix fuscescens (Kutzing, 1843) ++ + ++ +

10 Synechococcus sp. (Nageli, 1849) + + — — + +

11 Dactylococcopsis sp. (Hansgirg, 1888) ++ + ++ —

Species 2011–2012 2012–2013

1 Eutreptia lanowii (Steuer, 1904) + + — — + + 2 Eutreptia viridis (Perty, 1852) + + — + — +

2 Tetraselmis chui (Butcher, 1959) + + + + + —

4 Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodoresco, 1905 + + + + + +

2011–2012 2012–2013

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33

+ — + ++ —

++ + ++ +

+ ++ + — +

1909)

2002)

1849)

1888)

Smith, 1981)

S. No


Checklist, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Marine Microalgae from Offshore Visakhapatnam, Bay of… http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75549 33



#### Phylum: Chlorophyta (Pascher, 1914)

Phylum: Dinophyta (Round, 1973)

32 Microalgal Biotechnology

5 Phyrophacaceae (Lindemann, 1928)

6 Prorocentraceae (Stein, 1883)

7 Noctilucaceae (Kent, 1881)

2002)

1898)

2 Phormidiaceae

1988)

1949)

(Anagnostidis & Komarek,

4 Schizotrichaceae (Elenkin,

S. No Phylum: Cyanobacteria (Stanier ex Cavalier-Smith,

1 Oscillatoriaceae (Engler,

Class: Dinophyceae (Fritsch in West &

27 Protoperidinium subinerme (Paulsen) Loeblich

28 Protoperidinium pallidum (Ostenfeld) Balech,

29 Protoperidinium pentagonum (Gran) Balech,

35 Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid &

Class 1, Families 7, Genera 11, Species 35 23 27 26 26 28 28

Family PRM MON POM PRM MON POM

Class: Cyanophyceae (Schaffner,

1 Lyngbya majuscule (Harvey ex Gomont, 1892)

2 Lyngbya confervoides (Agardh ex

3 Oscillatoria princeps (Vaucher ex

4 Phormidium nigroviride (Thwaites ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komarek,

5 Trichodesmium thiebautii (Gomont,

6 Trichodesmium erythraeum (Ehrenberg

8 Schizothrix calcicola (Agardh) Gomont

3 Nostocaceae (Eichler, 1886) 7 Anabaenopsis elenkinii (Miller, 1923) + — + ++ +

Gomont, 1893)

Gomont, 1892)

ex Gomont, 1893)

ex Gomont, 1892

1988

1892)

32 Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg)

1909)

Family Species PRM MON POM PRM MON POM

26 Protoperidinium pellucidum Bergh, 1881 — + + — + —

30 Pyrophacus steinii (Schiller) Wall & Dale 1971 ++ + ++ + 31 Pyrophacus horologium (Stein, 1883) ++ + — + +

33 Prorocentrum gracile (Schutt, 1895) ++ + ++ + 34 Prorocentrum micans (Ehrenberg, 1834) + — + — + +

2011–2012 2012–2013

— + — + + —

— + + ++ —

+ + — — + +

— + + ++ +

+ — — + — +

2011–2012 2012–2013

+ — + + — +

++ + ++ +

++ + ++ —

+ + — + + —

++ + ++ +

++ + ++ +

++ + + — +

Fritsch, 1927)

III, 1970

1973

1974

Stein, 1878

Swezy, 1921



[7] Hallegraeff GM, McCausland MA, Brown RK. Early warning of toxic dinoflagellate blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum in southern Tasmanian waters. Journal of Plankton

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[8] Tomas CR, editor. Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Science. San Diego: Academic Press,

[9] Hällfors G. Checklist of Baltic Sea Phytoplankton Species (Including some Heterotrophic Protistan Groups). Helsinki Commission, Issue 95 of Baltic Sea environment proceedings,

[10] Manal AK, Faiza AY, Kholood AR. Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwaits Waters. Safat,

[11] Achary MS, Sahu G, Mohanty AK, Samatara MK, Panigrahy SN, Selvsnsysgam M, Satpathy KK, Prasad MV, Panigrahy RC. Phytoplankton abundance and diversity in the coastal waters of Kalpakkam, east coast of India in relation to the environmental variables.

[12] Tsarenko PM. Trebouxiophyceae. In: Tsarenko PM, Wasser SP, Nevo E, editors. Algae of Ukraine: Diversity, Nomenclature, Taxonomy, Ecology and Geography. Chlorophyta.

[13] Pham MN, Tan HT, Mitrovic S, Yeo HH. A Checklist of the Algae of Singapore. Singapore: Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore; 2011

[14] Komarek J, Kastovsky J, Mares J, Johansen JR. Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia. 2014 Dec 1;

[15] Varol M, Sen B. Dicle Nehrinin Planktonik Alg floras [Flora of the Planktonic algae of the

[16] Selvakumar P, Umadevi K. Mass cultivation of marine micro alga Nannochloropsis gaditana KF410818 isolated from Visakhapatnam offshore and fatty acid profile analysis for biodie-

[17] Ganapati PN. Biological oceanography of the Bay of Bengal. Mahasagar. 1973 Jan 1;6(2):

[18] Sarupria JS, Bhargava RM. Seasonal distribution of chlorophyll-a in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences. 1998;(27):292-297

[19] Panigrahy RC, Mishra S, Sahu G, Mohanty AK. Seasonal distribution of phytoplankton in the surf waters off Gopalpur, east coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Associ-

[20] Lingadhal C, Gupta TR, Ramesh AM. Distribution of chlorophyll pigments in the Arabian Sea off Mangalore (west coast of India) in relation to nutrients. Journal of Marine Biolog-

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