**1. Introduction**

Terpenoids comprise the largest, structurally most diverse family of natural products and play important roles in all living organisms [1, 2]. Fungi (*Ascomycota* and *Basidiomycota*) are prolific producers of structurally diverse terpenoid compounds. Classes of terpenoids identified in fungi include the sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids.

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

As the largest group of documented natural products, terpenoids have attracted attention from a broad scientific community and have been heavily investigated due to their interesting structural characteristics and profound biological effects [3–6].

Fungi are important source of potential bioactive compounds which play an important role in pharmacology industry [7–11]. Among fungi, mushrooms are the most attractive sources of bioactive compounds both of chemical and biomedical interests. Approximately 2000 mushrooms are safe for human consumption, and about 650 of them have medicinal properties out of 15,000 documented species of mushrooms [12]. These are also important in industrial processes to enhance composition of bioactive compounds in fermented grain assays [13–15].
