**5. Sesterpenes**

Sesterpenes consist of 25 carbon atoms with 5 isoprene units and molecular formula C25H40 (**Figure 5**). These are naturally present in the fungus, marine organism, insects, sponges, lichens, and protective waxes of insects. These types of compounds are biologically active having anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities (**Table 4**).

Introductory Chapter: Terpenes and Terpenoids http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79683 7

**Figure 5.** Structures of sesterpenes.

anticancer, and antifungal activities. Some of the diterpenes also have cardiovascular activity, such as grayanotoxin, forskolin, eleganolone, marrubenol, and 14-deoxyandrographolide. Kaurane and pimarane-type diterpenes are also biologically active metabolites isolated from

72 h.

Eupheliotriol F and L *Euphorbia helioscopia* F and L exhibited significant cytotoxicity against

**Names Plant source Activity Ref.**

against HBsAg.

Compounds exhibited potential antihepatitis B virus activities with IC50 46.5 and 88.3 mg/mL

H demonstrated an inhibition of 49.0% by administration to zebra fish at a dose of 60.0 ng/mL, compared to cisplatin (DDP, 22.4%) at 15.0 μg/mL. It might affect the NF-κB signaling pathway rather than binding to microtubules. Additionally, it showed almost equal anti-inflammatory activities compared

F and I have strong interactions with the iNOS protein by targeting residues of the active cavities of

B displayed antimicrobial activity against *C. albicans*

to the positive control, MG132.

iNOS n BV-2 cells (IC50 28.1 and 23.3).

F showed significant potential to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in two MDR cancer

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in two MDR cancer cells (NCI-H460/R and DLD1-TxR). G also significantly stronger chemosensitized NCI-H460/R cells to DOX compared to Dexverapamil due to prolonged effect of P-gp inhibition that persisted for

with an MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL.

cells (NCI-H460/R and DLD1-TxR).

MCF-7 and PANC-1 cell lines.

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[13]

[14]

Buds of *Wikstroemia chamaedaphne*

alpina and *C. lanceolata*

Cephinoids H *Cephalotaxus fortunei* var.

Nudiflopene F and I Leaves of *Callicarpa* 

Drechmerin B Endophytic fungus

Nicaeenin F Latex of *Euphorbia* 

*nudiflora*

*nicaeensis*

Drechmeria sp.

Nicaeenin G Latex of *E. nicaeensis* G showed significant potential to inhibit

Sesterpenes consist of 25 carbon atoms with 5 isoprene units and molecular formula C25H40 (**Figure 5**). These are naturally present in the fungus, marine organism, insects, sponges, lichens, and protective waxes of insects. These types of compounds are biologically active having anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities

the roots and leaves of different plants (**Table 3**).

**Table 3.** Source and biological activities of some diterpenes.

**5. Sesterpenes**

Genkwanine P and laurifolioside A

6 Terpenes and Terpenoids

(**Table 4**).


**Table 4.** Source and biological activities of some sesterpenes.
