**Meet the editor**

Irismar Reis de Oliveira, MD, PhD, is a full Professor of Psychiatry in the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, where he received his MD in 1978. His educational background includes a residence of Psychiatry at Cochin Port-Royal Faculty of Medicine, at "Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne", Paris, France (1983-1987), and a Ph.D.

in Neuropsychopharmacology at the Post-Graduate Unit of the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (1993- 1995). His professional background includes activities in the Department of Pharmacology, as an Assistant (1981-1991) and Associate Professor of Pharmacology (1992-1996); in the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, as an Adjunct (1997-1999) and full Professor of Psychiatry (2000-present); and Head of the Psychiatry Service, University Hospital, at Federal University of Bahia (2000-2009). Dr. de Oliveira is a member of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy (ABCT); Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Brazilian Association of Psychiatry); International Association for Cognitive Psychotherapy (IACP); Société Médico-Psychologique (French Psychological Medical Society); and a Founding Fellow of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy (ACT). He has written (as an author or coauthor) 110 articles, 15 book chapters and has edited three books. In the past 5 years, Dr. de Oliveira developed the Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy (www.trial-basedcognitivetherapy.com), and has trained therapists in Brazil and other countries in this model.

Contents

**Preface IX** 

Amy Wenzel

Irismar Reis de Oliveira

Irismar Reis de Oliveira

Chapter 5 **Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy** 

Chapter 6 **Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy** 

Chapter 7 **Cognitive Behavioral Therapy** 

Chapter 8 **A Proposed Learning Model** 

Mario Francisco P. Juruena

Chapter 3 **Use of the Trial-Based Thought Record** 

**Part 2 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 61** 

**Part 1 Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations 1** 

Chapter 1 **Assessing and Restructuring Dysfunctional Cognitions 3** 

Chapter 2 **Modification of Core Beliefs in Cognitive Therapy 17** 

**to Change Negative Core Beliefs 35** 

Chapter 4 **Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression 63** 

**for the Bipolar Disorder Patients 77** 

**of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 99**  Aristides V. Cordioli and Analise Vivan

**for Somatoform Disorders 117**  Robert L. Woolfolk and Lesley A. Allen

**of Body Dysmorphic Disorder 145**  Fugen Neziroglu and Lauren M. Mancusi

Neander Abreu, Vania Bitencourt Powell and Donna Sudak

### Contents

#### **Preface XI**

	- **of Body Dysmorphic Disorder 145**  Fugen Neziroglu and Lauren M. Mancusi

## Preface

To my knowledge, this is the first free-access cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) book available to anyone who wishes to download it. Although CBT is undoubtedly the fastest growing and the best empirically validated psychotherapeutic approach, unfortunately, access to CBT may be limited for people living in under-developed countries, or for those who have limited economical resources. The goal of this project made possible by InTech is, at least in part, to close this gap, and to bring CBT to as many mental health professionals as possible.

It is mandatory that a CBT book of this kind recognize and demonstrate gratitude to the pioneer work of Aaron T. Beck, whose remarkable life is a model and inspiration for those of us who have had the privilege of knowing him personally. The father of cognitive therapy, now in his 10th decade of an extremely rich and productive life, continues to make significant contributions to psychotherapy.

The development of CBT reflects Beck's life, and his contributions are considered among the greatest in the history of psychology and psychiatry. Several seminal concepts such as "automatic thoughts" which describe the thoughts popping into one's mind during the day; the "cognitive triad" which conveys the negative beliefs depressed people hold about themselves, the world and the future; and a new "schema" theory which describes the interactions between cognition and emotion – were coined in the 1960s. Beck's ideas were further refined in the 1970s, with other important concepts such as "collaborative empiricism" – where the therapist and the patient work as a team by means of an interviewing style called "Socratic questioning" (Padesky, 2004).

Since the 1970s, especially after the publication of the book *Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders* (Beck, 1976), in which he described a theory of emotional disorders and the new psychotherapeutic approach with emphasis in depression, there has been a veritable "cognitive revolution", and this approach expanded to a range of problems and disorders, encompassing every anxiety disorder, psychoses, personality disorders, and numerous other conditions such as chronic pain, addictions and marital problems. Not only did Beck continue to refine cognitive therapy, but his followers also developed new protocols for almost any existing psychological or psychiatric disorder. I wholeheartedly agree with Leahy (2004) when he writes: "Quite infrequently in the

#### X Preface

field of psychology, someone comes along with a vision that changes everything. Tim Beck has given us this vision." It is my hope that this book will reflect a glimpse of Beck's enormous legacy to mankind.

Preface XI

Beck, A (1976) Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. International

Leahy RL (2004) Preface. In: Leahy R.L. (Ed.) Contemporary cognitive therapy: theory,

Padesky CA (2004) Aaron T. Beck: mind, man, and mentor. In: Leahy R.L. (ed.)

Contemporary cognitive therapy: theory, research, and practice. Guilford

**References** 

Universities Press, New York.

Press, New York.

research, and practice. Guilford, New York.

The first three chapters of this book, comprising Section 1, introduce basic and conceptual aspects of CBT. In the opening chapter, I inform on how to assess and restructure cognitions, focusing on automatic thoughts and underlying assumptions. I also describe a new decision-making technique, the consensual role-play, designed to help patients understand and deal with ambivalence.

Amy Wenzel contributes an excellent review (Chapter 2), one of the best I've ever read on this topic, providing the main techniques developed to modify core beliefs in cognitive therapy.

In Chapter 3, I expand the previous chapter by introducing a novel approach, the trialbased thought record (TBTR), especially designed to restructure core beliefs. The transcription of a dialogue showing its implementation makes the presentation of this technique much clearer and more practical.

Section 2 of this book covers the cognitive therapy of some of the main psychiatric disorders. Abreu, Powell and Sudak (Chapter 4) provide a review of the recent developments of the CBT for depression; and Juruena (Chapter 5) introduces a review of the evidence of the cognitive-behavioral treatment for the bipolar disorder patients.

In Chapter 6, Cordioli and Vivan comprehensively review the CBT of obsessivecompulsive disorder. Woolfolk and Allen (Chapter 7) bring to our attention the latest advances in the CBT for somatoform disorders, while Neziroglu and Mancusi (Chapter 8) expand this topic by proposing a new learning model of body dysmorphic disorder.

Finally, two chapters on addiction close this book. Şenormanci, Konkan, and Sungur (Chapter 9) provide a thorough review of the recent phenomenon of Internet addiction and its cognitive-behavioral treatment; and Rangé and Mathias (Chapter 10) conclude with the CBT for substance abuse.

A book like this would not be possible without careful support. So, I gratefully thank the organizational skills of Mr. Niksa Mandic, publishing process manager, who was present and attentive along all the steps of this project.

> **Irismar Reis de Oliveira**  Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil

#### **References**

X Preface

Beck's enormous legacy to mankind.

cognitive therapy.

disorder.

help patients understand and deal with ambivalence.

technique much clearer and more practical.

with the CBT for substance abuse.

present and attentive along all the steps of this project.

field of psychology, someone comes along with a vision that changes everything. Tim Beck has given us this vision." It is my hope that this book will reflect a glimpse of

The first three chapters of this book, comprising Section 1, introduce basic and conceptual aspects of CBT. In the opening chapter, I inform on how to assess and restructure cognitions, focusing on automatic thoughts and underlying assumptions. I also describe a new decision-making technique, the consensual role-play, designed to

Amy Wenzel contributes an excellent review (Chapter 2), one of the best I've ever read on this topic, providing the main techniques developed to modify core beliefs in

In Chapter 3, I expand the previous chapter by introducing a novel approach, the trialbased thought record (TBTR), especially designed to restructure core beliefs. The transcription of a dialogue showing its implementation makes the presentation of this

Section 2 of this book covers the cognitive therapy of some of the main psychiatric disorders. Abreu, Powell and Sudak (Chapter 4) provide a review of the recent developments of the CBT for depression; and Juruena (Chapter 5) introduces a review of the evidence of the cognitive-behavioral treatment for the bipolar disorder patients.

In Chapter 6, Cordioli and Vivan comprehensively review the CBT of obsessivecompulsive disorder. Woolfolk and Allen (Chapter 7) bring to our attention the latest advances in the CBT for somatoform disorders, while Neziroglu and Mancusi (Chapter 8) expand this topic by proposing a new learning model of body dysmorphic

Finally, two chapters on addiction close this book. Şenormanci, Konkan, and Sungur (Chapter 9) provide a thorough review of the recent phenomenon of Internet addiction and its cognitive-behavioral treatment; and Rangé and Mathias (Chapter 10) conclude

A book like this would not be possible without careful support. So, I gratefully thank the organizational skills of Mr. Niksa Mandic, publishing process manager, who was

**Irismar Reis de Oliveira** 

Brazil

Federal University of Bahia,

Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health,


**Part 1** 

**Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations** 
