6. Conclusion

)

For evaluation of the ignition performance, ignition index (Di) of the biomass and biochar was

Table 4. Combustion parameters of agricultural waste biomass samples and their derived biochar.

Figure 3. TG and DTG curve of ground nut shell (GNS) its derived char at different temperatures.

Sample Ti Tm Tb Rmax Di (�10�<sup>3</sup>

CC 195 300 375 1.09 0.57 CCCh(350�C) 295 395 490 0.55 0.29 CCCh(550�C) ——— 0.51 0.27 CCCh(750�C) 375 530 696 0.38 0.20 CCCh(950�C) ——— 0.19 0.09 GNS 240 310 375 1.12 0.65 GNSCh(350�C) 298 355 400 0.7 0.37 GNSCh(550�C) 375 525 695 0.51 0.27 GNSCh(750�C) 400 505 698 0.4 0.21 GNSCh(950�C) ——— 0.14 0.07

Di ¼ Rmax=ð Þ tmax � ti ,

calculated with the following equation [36]:

214 Energy Systems and Environment

where Rmax is the maximum weight loss rate,

Biochars with upgraded fuel qualities were successfully produced from pyrolysis of agricultural biomass waste (ABW). This study demonstrates the type of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature strongly stimulus the characteristics of the biochar. Increase in pyrolysis temperature, percentage of yield, VM and H, of all the bio-chars decrease; but FC, C, degree of carbonization, GCV, and pH increase. The combustion behaviors of biochars were distinct from raw agricultural biomass, with increased maximum weight loss, raised the ignition temperature and wide combustion ranges at higher pyrolysis temperatures. The conversion of agricultural biomass wastes by pyrolysis to biochar can be a potential option to utilize these wastes for various sustainable purposes like as a as a substitute of renewable energy sources and which we used as a clean and environment friendly energy source.

Author details

References

1983

Swapan Suman\* and Shalini Gautam

10.1007/978-94-007-2181-4\_12

10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.03.011

10.1016/j.jaap.2004.07.003

\*Address all correspondence to: er.ssuman@gmail.com

Department of Fuel and Mineral Engineering, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, India

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