**2. The effects of nanofluids on machining processes**

The applications of nanofluids for MQL machining have been proven to improve the interaction of friction in cutting zone due to the occurrence of nanoparticles. However, the direct evaluation of cutting performance faces many difficulties, and so numerous publications are focused on the indirect evaluation through machining outputs such as cutting forces, cutting temperature, tool wear, tool life, and surface integrity. In this section, the recent studies related to the effects of nanofluids on machining performance will be discussed.
