**5.3. Applications of nanofluidics**

In addition to enabling fundamental studies of fluid-flow and of transport phenomena (with many studies aimed at the study of naturally occurring processes in biological nanochannels), many applications are aimed at bio-sciences, bio-nano-technology and bio-analytical chemistry where applications exist in abundance [166–169]. Applications outside of classical nano-fluidics include nano-pores (e.g., for bio-applications and DNA sequencing) [186–192] and even for the study of fluid-flow in nano-porous media [193, 194]. For chemical analysis, NEMS have been developed for single protein mass spectrometry [174] and for airborne nanoparticle detection [176]. From this short list it can be concluded that nanofluidics has the potential to become a disruptive technology worthy of further investigation.
