**5. Conclusion**

This chapter provides results of research, which identified large energy-saving potential in the cement manufacturing process. Main results may be achieved by improvement of heat recovery, and potential of utility reduction is 30% and 29% for heating and cooling capacity, respectively, which translates to lower primary energy sources. These results were achieved by an updated process integration technique and update of a heat exchanger network. The case study of a particular cement factory was considered and feasible solutions were described that require an investment cost of 256,079 EUR with a payback period of 3.4 months. Besides, the improvement of energy efficiency may be additionally reached by improving the existing process of heat transfer equipment. Low-potential heat utilization covering 43% of power demands of the factory during summer operation mode and utilization of 20,225 kW of waste heat to site-district heating during winter operation are determined.

The use of excess heat may provide a way to reduce the primary energy sources and contribute to global CO2 mitigation. This chapter shows a pathway for energy efficiency, main process restrictions and most feasible solutions for a new concept design of the cement industry. Nevertheless, the technical issues have to be additionally discussed for successful implementation.
