**Green Cements**

[31] Hench LL. Bioceramics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 1998;**81**:1705-1728

erties of bioactive glasses in the system CaO-SiO2

789-792

90 Cement Based Materials

[32] Coleman NJ, Bellantone M, Nicholson JW, Mendham AP. Textural and structural prop-

[33] Wu J, Zhu YJ, Cao SW, Chen F. Hierachically nanostructured mesoporous spheres of calcium silicate hydrate: Surfactant-free sonochemical synthesis and drug-delivery system

[34] Zhang ML, Chang J. Surfactant-assisted sonochemical synthesis of hollow calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) microspheres for drug delivery. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2010;**17**:

[35] Wu J, Zhu YJ, Chen F. Ultrathin calcium silicate hydrate nanosheets with large specific surface areas: Synthesis, crystallization, layered self-assembly and applications as excel-

[36] Gartner EM, Kurtis KE, Monteiro PJM. Proposed mechanism of C-S-H growth tested by

with ultrahigh drug-loading capacity. Advanced Materials. 2010;**22**:749

lent adsorbents for drug, protein, and metal ions. Small. 2013;**9**:2911-2925

soft X-ray microscopy. Cement and Concrete Research. 2000;**30**:817-822

. Ceramics-Silikáty. 2007;**51**:1-8

**Chapter 7**

**Provisional chapter**

**Heat Integration in a Cement Production**

**Heat Integration in a Cement Production**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.75820

The cement industry sector is an energy-intensive industrial sector; cement is the most widely used material for construction and modern infrastructure needs. The cement industry is one of the largest consumers of carbon-containing primary energy sources and one of the primary polluters of the environment. Energy consumption represents the largest part of the production cost for cement factories and has a significant influence on product prices. The potential of waste heat utilization of cement production was determined and a recovery potential accounting site wide in demand is defined by the process integration technique. The author has analyzed the energy consumption of a cement factory to obtain minimum energy needs of production and proposed the options to improve energy efficiency by the process integration approach. The authors conclude that the energy consumption of the cement factory can be reduced by 30%. The results help to the cement plant's profitability and reduce environmental impact of the cement industry as well as sustainability. Given that it is realized in modern society that infrastructural projects lead to a higher level of economy and sustainability for countries, reducing the production cost in the cement industry is a very important

**Keywords:** process integration, pinch analysis, energy efficiency, cement production,

Nowadays, cement manufacturing is an energy-intensive industry. The energy costs of cement industry are about 40% of the product cost that indicates that this sector is one of the biggest CO2

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

emission of cement industry is approximately 5% [1].

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75820

Stanislav Boldyryev

Stanislav Boldyryev

**Abstract**

problem.

**1. Introduction**

energy targets, heat exchangers

emitter. The global anthropogenic CO<sup>2</sup>

#### **Heat Integration in a Cement Production Heat Integration in a Cement Production**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.75820

#### Stanislav Boldyryev Stanislav Boldyryev

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75820

#### **Abstract**

The cement industry sector is an energy-intensive industrial sector; cement is the most widely used material for construction and modern infrastructure needs. The cement industry is one of the largest consumers of carbon-containing primary energy sources and one of the primary polluters of the environment. Energy consumption represents the largest part of the production cost for cement factories and has a significant influence on product prices. The potential of waste heat utilization of cement production was determined and a recovery potential accounting site wide in demand is defined by the process integration technique. The author has analyzed the energy consumption of a cement factory to obtain minimum energy needs of production and proposed the options to improve energy efficiency by the process integration approach. The authors conclude that the energy consumption of the cement factory can be reduced by 30%. The results help to the cement plant's profitability and reduce environmental impact of the cement industry as well as sustainability. Given that it is realized in modern society that infrastructural projects lead to a higher level of economy and sustainability for countries, reducing the production cost in the cement industry is a very important problem.

**Keywords:** process integration, pinch analysis, energy efficiency, cement production, energy targets, heat exchangers
