**11. Conclusion**

DIPG remains the main cause of death in pediatric patients with brain tumors. Despite many clinical trials, minimal improvement has been achieved as compared with RT. Most of the clinical trials in the past did not have sound biological bases due to a lack of biopsy specimens. In the last few years, international collaborative research has helped to identify new molecular aberrations in DIPG. These have provided insight into the pathogenesis of DIPG and may help in identifying new targeted therapies.
