**4. Conclusion**

The era of molecular informed neuro-oncology has set a foundation for precise diagnosis and tailored anti-neoplastic therapy. Such changes may lead to great improvements in overall survival of paediatric patients and so inadvertently marks an auspicious time for neuropsychiatry, which has never been more relevant. In concert with an optimal medical model, neuropsychiatric informed care is required to ensure a truly holistic and integrated approach. In their ability to weave together so many disparate perspectives—psychiatric, neurological, cognitive, psychosocial and many more—these specialists will be invaluable in leading multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs. Contemporary studies indicate that mood, cognition and psychosocial functioning are important factors in early diagnosis, as well as mediating health outcomes following radical and risk-adapted anti-neoplastic treatment. In addition to psychological burden, the neuropsychiatric aspects of childhood CNS tumours, including posterior fossa syndrome and cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome, are increasingly recognised as crucial causes of poor outcomes. Current research highlights the necessity for routine psychological and psychiatric screenings of children with suspected brain tumours and at follow-up of childhood brain tumour survivors. Thus, we provided a review of the available neuropsychiatric guidelines for identification of brain tumours in primary, secondary and tertiary health services. However, further progress is still required in these areas and in the sphere of public awareness. In the future, neuropsychiatric intervention should aim to complement the anticipated challenges of neuro-oncological management, e.g., a left-handed child treated for medulloblastoma would have intensive neuropsychiatric screening and linguistic rehabilitation.

As our understanding of the neuroscience relevant to childhood neuro-oncology expands, neuropsychiatric input will be invaluable at crucial stages of care, including at time of diagnosis, pre- and post-operatively. Earlier intervention will consolidate a child's resilience through a multi-axial combination of psychometrics, psychoeducation, psychosocial support, psychotherapy and psychopharmacological intervention. Specifically, neuropsychological profiling will enrich the clinical pre-operative prognostication and determine treatment goals post-operatively.
