Preface

**Section 3 Zeolites Applications 91**

**VI** Contents

**Sorption 93** Andrey E. Krauklis

**Using Zeolite 159**

Chapter 6 **Use of Synthetic and Natural Zeolites Tailored for As(V)**

Chapter 7 **Zeolite Mixed Matrix Membranes (Zeolite-MMMs) for**

Mahboobeh Maghami and Amira Abdelrasoul

Chapter 8 **Characterizations and Industrial Applications for Cement and Concrete Incorporated Natural Zeolite 135**

Chapter 9 **Potential Desalination of Coal Seam Gas Coproduced Water**

Iván Ayoseth Chulines Domínguez, Youness Abdellaoui, Mohamed

**Sustainable Engineering 115**

Abatal and Cristóbal Patiño-Carachure

Xiaoyu Wang and Anh V. Nguyen

Zeolites are natural volcanic minerals and are hydrated aluminosilicate minerals made from interlinked tetrahedra of alumina (AlO4) and silica (SiO4). They are in solid state with a rela‐ tively open, three-dimensional crystal structure built from the elements silicon, aluminum, oxygen and alkali or alkaline-earth metals plus water molecules trapped in the gaps be‐ tween them. Zeolites form with many different crystalline structures, with large open pores in a very regular arrangement and roughly the same size as small molecules.

About 40 naturally occurring zeolites were found, forming in both volcanic and sedimentary rocks. According to the US Geological Survey, the most commonly mined forms of zeolites include clinoptilolite, chabazite and mordenite. More artificial and synthetic zeolites (around 200) have been designed for specific purposes, the best known of which are zeolite A, the petroleum catalyst ZSM-5 (a branded name for pentasil zeolite) and zeolites X and Y (two different types of faujasites) used for catalytic cracking.

The structure of zeolites makes them useful in all sorts of ways. One of the main uses of zeolites is in water softeners and water filters. Other applications include litter to animal food, industrial catalyst and nanocatalyst, composite and nanocomposite, adsorbents for pollutants, solar thermal collectors, catalysts in the pharmaceutical drug production and petrochemical industry, they help balance the body's pH levels and remove heavy metals from the body.

This book *Zeolites and Their Applications* deals with several aspects of zeolite morphology and applications. The book is divided into three sections and structured into nine chapters. The first section, "Introduction", includes the introductory chapter. The second section "Zeolite Morphology and Synthesis" explains mineralogy, morphology, and synthesis of zeolites and presents four chapters in detail: (1) "Linde Type L Zeolite: A Privileged Porous Support to Develop Photoactive and Catalytic Nanomaterials", (2) "Design and Evaluation of Gas Transport through a Zeolite Membrane on an Alumina Support", (3) "Separation of Binary Solutions on Zeolites" and (4) "Estimation of Nanoporosity of ZSM-5 Zeolites as Hi‐ erarchical Materials". The third section "Zeolite Applications" contains four chapters: (1) "Use of Synthetic and Natural Zeolites Tailored for As(V) Sorption", (2) "Zeolites-Mixed Matrix Membranes (Zeolites-MMMs) for Sustainable Engineering", (3) "Characterizations and Industrial Applications for Cement and Concrete Incorporated Natural Zeolite" and (4) "Potential Desalination of Coal Seam Gas Coproduced Water Using Zeolite.".

So, in this book, the readers will obtain updated information on mineralogy, morphology, synthesis and applications of zeolites. Scientists from different scientific fields reported in this book their findings.

The book *Zeolites and Their Applications* offers important information sources for researchers and professionals working in zeolite preparations and applications.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. A. Geetha, Assistant Professor, Depart‐ ment of Chemistry, Kongu Engineering College, Tamilnadu, India and Prof. Kamal A. Magd, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt, for their contribution in the scientific revision of the book chapters. Also, we would like to extend our many thanks to Ms. Lada Bozic, Author Service Manager, IntechOpen, for her kind follow-ups and assistance.

**M. Nageeb Rashed**

**Introduction**

**Section 1**

Faculty of Science Aswan University, Egypt

**P. N. Palanisamy**

Department of Chemistry Kongu Engineering College Perundurai, Erode, 638 060, Tamilnadu, India

**Section 1**
