**3. Conclusion**

white-phosphor-based LEDs. Also, it could be found that general lighting applications

In the past few years, incredible developments have been made in LED technologies. In the ambience of lighting industry, LED technology forms one of the energetic forces besides new lighting notions and applications. The accelerated change produce in product design yields the respective powerful light sources. One of the more fundamental advancements, which has promise in the LED arena, is from the nanotechnology referred to as "quantum dots." Being make a breakthrough in efficiency, the respective ultra-small crystals would possess unique

**2. Recent space-age advancements of LED and its phototoxic-cum-**

**Light-emitting diode (inorganic LED) Organic light-emitting diode (OLED)**

[27]

8 Light-Emitting Diode - An Outlook On the Empirical Features and Its Recent Technological Advancements

[28, 29]

2016 LED Technology Breakthroughs: There were many exciting and surprising technology breakthroughs, based on statistics compiled by LED inside there were at least 10 major technology advancements

this year.

2017 K. P. Acharya et al., have

lifetime, etc.

demonstrated on the high efficiency colloidal quantum dotpolymer hybrid light emitting diodes (QLEDs) that show external quantum efficiencies >12% for all the three primary colors (21% from green) from a positive aging effect (the efficiency of the QLED gets augmented with time). In the market, nowadays world's top LED-based device manufacturing companies like CREE, NICHIA, Toyoda Gosei, OSRAM, Lumileds (Philips), Seoul Semiconductor, LG Innotek, Edison Opto., EPISTAR, Seoul Semiconductor, San'an Optoelectronics, Sony, Samsung and so on, making high brightness LEDs, LED chips, HD-TVs with excellent lumens output, durability and

using OLEDs with a rating 50 lm/W [53–55].

**Table 1.** Historical developments in LED and OLED.

**bactericidal effect of blue LED irradiation**

The promulgation of LED lighting has led to prompt progressions in LED lighting technologies over the past few eons across the globe with state-of-the-art scientific advancements; however, evidences besides authenticates that it has been and will spread out to be vitally important in the direction of revolutionary investigation against innovative applications for the societal cause. Among the most important notable advancement in sundry fields of LED and OLED has the roadmap for flexible OLEDs points to the emergence of foldable, rollable displays and the espousal of OLED in smart mobile phones will reach more than 70% by 2020 [54], and this will probably too occur in tablets, laptops, and televisions with subsequently more rapid OLED market share growth. However, the difference of opinion on the bactericidal and phototoxic effect of blue LED irradiation, associated to such parts that need remain to be enhanced for these groundbreaking global improvements on harmful free lighting for the global cause. Thus, studies on peerless LED/OLED hi-tech environs might give way to the future harbingers of green energy in the upcoming scenario.
