*2.6.4. Asiatic lesser yellow house bat Scotophilus kuhlii (Leach, 1821)*

It is uncommon in Pakistan with a very restricted distribution. The species is present only in southern Sindh [2]. Geographically, this species is distributed in Bangladesh, Pakistan to Taiwan, south to Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, W Malaysia, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara (Indonesia), southeast to Philippines and Aru Islands (Indonesia) [15]. The species is categorized as "Least Concern" [17].

Two bats were captured through mist net in Head Koper (N34° 24.454′ E71° 50.061′) and Kot (N34° 29.778′ E71° 43.501′) in Malakand district.

### *2.6.5. Serotine Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774)*

This species is rare in Pakistan. The only male specimen was collected by Roberts [2] from Dunga gali in Murree Hills. Walker and Molur [16] declare this species to be Data Deficient, Near Threatened (C.A.M.P. Report, 2002), and Least Concern according to IUCN [17] Red List of Threatened Animals.

*E. s. pashtomus* was described as a new subspecies by Gaisler [7] in his account of bats collected in Afghanistan from Jalalabad district. The zygomatic width of *pashtomus* being 14.5 mm while Felten [56] in describing a further collection of bats from Afghanistan also assigned *E. serotinus* to the subspecies *pashtomus* which was collected from eastern Afghanistan close to the border with Chitral [56].

Fifteen bats were captured through mist net in Head Koper (N34° 24.454′ E71° 50.061′), Bakrai (N34° 23.939′ E71° 52.202′), Astanadaro Kalay (N34° 24.913′ E71° 49.466′), Barcharai Daim (N34° 33.737′ E71° 44.872′), Amlok Dara (N34° 43.773′ E71° 52.502′), and Pull Saokai (N34° 38.553′ E72° 01.749′) in Malakand division.

#### *2.6.6. Common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774)*

The taxonomic status of this bat species is unknown from Pakistan. The species is distributed in British Isles, S Denmark, W Europe to the Volga and Caucasus, Morocco; Greece, Turkey, Israel and Lebanon to Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Burma, Sinkiang (China), perhaps Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. The British Museum has one specimen that was collected from Kashmir in the beginning of nineteenth century. Two other specimens were collected from Gilgit by an expedition carried out by University of Maryland in 1965 [2]. The species has a restricted range in the Indian subcontinent [13] and seems to be common in Pakistan as there has been no further field studies on bats in Kashmir or Gilgit [2]. The species is "Least Concerned" [17]. Pipistrelles in Europe have recently been shown to comprise two cryptic species *P. pipistrellus* which echolocates with most energy around 45 kHz, and *P. pygmaeus*, with most energy at 55 kHz [57, 58].

Afghanistan to the Moluccas; S China, Laos, Vietnam, Cocos Keeling, and Christmas Islands (the Indian Ocean). The species has been recorded from Malakand [2], Chitral [9], Multan and Chaklala [30], Chakri, Gambat, Sukkur [34], Karachi, and Malir [8]. The species is considered as "Least

Bats in Northern Mountain Region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Thirty-five bats were captured through mist net in Bakrai (N34° 23.939′ E71° 52.202′), Timergara (N34° 49.471′ E71° 50.396′), Koz Koper (N34° 24.399′ E71° 50.171′), Matkani (N34° 37.380′ E71° 51.055′), Head Koper (N34° 24.454′ E71° 50.061′), Malakand Tunnel (N34° 33.158′ E71° 54.168′), Maina (N34° 29.765′ E71° 44.585′), Kot (N34° 29.778′ E71° 43.501′), Manzaray Baba (N34° 29.480′ E71° 42.353′), Qadar Kalay (N34° 24.076′ E71° 50.723′), Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal (N35° 16.204′ E72° 00.172′), Astanadaro Kalay (N34° 24.913′ E71° 49.466′), Thana (N34° 38.334′ E72° 04.233′), Daim (N34° 36.647′ E71° 47.704′), Tutakan (N34° 36.978′ E71° 49.511′), Community Game Reserve Brah (N34° 29.820′ E71° 46.327′), Ziarat Kalay (N34° 37.213′ E71° 48.715′), Kas kalay (N34° 24.573′ E71° 48.978′), Fishing Hut (N34° 38.900′ E72° 01.941′), Faqeer Abad (N34° 23.323′ E71° 53.324′), Haryan Kot (N34° 29.382′ E71° 47.871′), and Mola

*Pipistrellus dormeri* is confined to India and Pakistan [13]. It is restricted to the Indian subcontinent where it is an abundant species in areas such as Rajasthan [61]. The species has been collected from Sialkot in Punjab and Shikarpur in Sindh [9]. This species is categorized as

Only eight bats were captured through mist net in Dir (N35° 12.327′ E71° 52.540′), Fishing Hut (N34° 38.900′ E72° 01.941′), Head Koper (N34° 24.454′ E71° 50.061′), and Malakand Top (N34°

*Scotoecus pallidus* is endemic to the Indian subcontinent and has a local and restricted distribution in Pakistan. It was first described by Dobson in 1876, from a specimen collected from Mian Mir (Lahore). Further collections were made from different regions of northern Sindh (Kashmore and Mirpur in Jacobabad, Larkana, Sukker and Dadu Districts) and Punjab (Muzaffargarh

Twenty-two bats were captured through mist net in Manzaray Baba, Dir (N35° 12.327′ E71° 52.540′), Jrandy (N34° 24.808′ E71° 48.202′), Koz Koper (N34° 24.399′ E71° 50.171′), Mola Misray (N34° 25.251′ E71° 49.085′), Astanadaro Kalay (N34° 24.913′ E71° 49.466′), Malakand Top (N34° 34.007′ E71° 55.736′), Badraga (N34° 23.314′ E71° 50.295′), Head Koper (N34° 24.454′ E71° 50.061′), Pull Saokai (N34° 38.553′ E72° 01.749′), Qadar Kalay (N34° 24.076′ E71° 50.723′), Kot (N34° 29.778′ E71° 43.501′), Fishing Hut (N34° 38.900′ E72° 01.941′), and Matkani (N34°

It has not been collected from Pakistan up till now, but Gaisler [7] asserts that it is likely to occur in the country as it is present in Afghanistan and Iran, close to the western borders, and

and Sialkot). Its population status is uncertain and deserves further study [15].

*2.6.12. Schreiber's long-fingered bat Miniopterus fuliginosus (Kuhl, 1819)*

Misray (N34° 25.251′ E71° 49.085′) in Malakand division.

*2.6.10. Dormer's bat Pipistrellus dormeri (Dobson, 1875)*

*2.6.11. Desert yellow bat Scotoecus pallidus (Dobson, 1876)*

37.380′ E71° 51.055′) in Malakand division.

"Least Concern" (CAMP, 2002).

34.007′ E71° 55.736′).

Concerned."

Only a single specimen was captured through mist net in Lamin Bala (N35° 27.802′ E72° 14.310′) in Upper Dir district.

#### *2.6.7. Javan pipistrelle Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray, 1838)*

*Pipistrellus javanicus* distributed in East Afghanistan, North Pakistan, North and Central India, South and East Tibet (China), Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, through SE Asia to Lesser Sunda Isles and Philippines; perhaps Australia. No literature is available on the distribution of this species in Pakistan; however, a single specimen was collected from Gharial, Murree Hills [15]. The species falls in "Least Concern" category [17].

Only one bat was captured through mist net in Malakand University (N34° 40.054′ E72° 03.653′) in Malakand district.

### *2.6.8. Coromandel Pipistrelle Pipistrellus coromandra (Gray, 1838)*

Ten specimens of *Pipistrellus coromandra* has been collected from Chitral and 17 specimens from Saidu Sharif in Swat; the mean head and body length was 43 mm. The mean tail length was 35 mm. The mean hind foot and ear length were 7 mm and 11 mm, respectively. The mean forearm length was 32 mm. The Swat specimens averaged 6 g in weight [2]. These Pakistan specimens and also those from Afghanistan (Jalalabad) [7] appear to average slightly larger than the population from central India [59]. The species also has been collected from Dir, Yakh Tangai in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and from Chakri in Punjab [13]. This is a widely distributed and apparently common species in southern Asia. This species is categorized as "Least Concern" [17].

A total of eight specimens were captured through mist net in Barcharai Daim (N34° 33.737′ E71° 44.872′), University of Malakand (N34° 40.054′ E72° 03.653′), Koza Agra (N34° 35.171′ E71° 41.802′) in Malakand district and from Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal (N35° 16.204′ E72° 00.172′), Thal (N35° 28.812′ E72° 14.588′), Dir (N35° 12.327′ E71° 52.540′), and Mian Banda (N34° 50.378′ E71° 51.984′) in Dir district.

#### *2.6.9. Least pipistrelle Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 1840)*

*Pipistrellus tenuis* is the smallest pipistrelle found within the subcontinent with an average forearm length of 27.7mm. The species is hard to differentiate from smaller individuals of *P. coromandra* based on forearm length. Its body weight averages about 2g [60]. The species is distributed in Afghanistan to the Moluccas; S China, Laos, Vietnam, Cocos Keeling, and Christmas Islands (the Indian Ocean). The species has been recorded from Malakand [2], Chitral [9], Multan and Chaklala [30], Chakri, Gambat, Sukkur [34], Karachi, and Malir [8]. The species is considered as "Least Concerned."

Thirty-five bats were captured through mist net in Bakrai (N34° 23.939′ E71° 52.202′), Timergara (N34° 49.471′ E71° 50.396′), Koz Koper (N34° 24.399′ E71° 50.171′), Matkani (N34° 37.380′ E71° 51.055′), Head Koper (N34° 24.454′ E71° 50.061′), Malakand Tunnel (N34° 33.158′ E71° 54.168′), Maina (N34° 29.765′ E71° 44.585′), Kot (N34° 29.778′ E71° 43.501′), Manzaray Baba (N34° 29.480′ E71° 42.353′), Qadar Kalay (N34° 24.076′ E71° 50.723′), Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal (N35° 16.204′ E72° 00.172′), Astanadaro Kalay (N34° 24.913′ E71° 49.466′), Thana (N34° 38.334′ E72° 04.233′), Daim (N34° 36.647′ E71° 47.704′), Tutakan (N34° 36.978′ E71° 49.511′), Community Game Reserve Brah (N34° 29.820′ E71° 46.327′), Ziarat Kalay (N34° 37.213′ E71° 48.715′), Kas kalay (N34° 24.573′ E71° 48.978′), Fishing Hut (N34° 38.900′ E72° 01.941′), Faqeer Abad (N34° 23.323′ E71° 53.324′), Haryan Kot (N34° 29.382′ E71° 47.871′), and Mola Misray (N34° 25.251′ E71° 49.085′) in Malakand division.
