4.7.1. LINE immunoassays (LIA)

In LIA, selected distinct antigens that can be synthetic, recombinant, or purified proteins or peptides are immobilized onto a nylon membrane or other protein-binding surfaces. Individual antigens are attached in parallel "lines" where each line represents a specific antigen. These lines are then cut from the membrane forming thin strips. The same serum sample is then added to each individual strip to identify all autoantibodies reactive against the panel of strips. The formed immune complexes are detected through the addition of a secondary antibody that is conjugated to an enzyme or a fluorescent label. Therefore, LIA allows the simultaneous detection of multiple autoantibodies in the same patient sample [44, 112].
