**Preface XIII**



X Contents


Contents VII

Chapter 21 **Benign Prostate Hyperplasia** 

Chapter 22 **Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB),** 

Chapter 23 **Sleep Disorders Associated with** 

Chapter 24 **The Allo-Immunological Injury** 

Hiroyuki Sasamura

**Chronic Kidney Disease 385** 

I. Enver Khan, Rubin Zhang, Eric E. Simon and L. Lee Hamm

Chapter 25 **Prevention and Regression of Chronic** 

Suzanne Geerlings

**and Chronic Kidney Disease 347**

**Renal Function and Hypertension 377** 

**in Chronic Allograft Nephropathy 401** 

**Kidney Disease and Hypertension 415** 

**Predialysis Patients Exposed to a Prevention** 

Carlos E. Yepes Delgado, Yanett M. Montoya Jaramillo, Beatriz E. Orrego Orozco and Daniel C. Aguirre Acevedo

Chapter 26 **Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Renal** 

**Program – Medellín, 2007-2008 431** 

Ricardo Leão, Bruno Jorge Pereira and Hugo Coelho

Robert L. Benz, Mark R. Pressman and Iqbal Masood


VI Contents

Chapter 10 **Pharmacologic Adjuvants to Reduce Erythropoietin** 

Adeel Siddiqui, Aqeel Siddiqui and Robert Benz

**Nephro-Protective Action of HE-86 Liquid** 

Li-qun He, Dong Feixia, Qiang Fu and Jun Li

Chapter 12 **The Effects of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA),** 

**Membrane Protein Composition in Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients 209** Elísio Costa, Luís Belo and Alice Santos-Silva

Eloísa Urrechaga, Luís Borque and Jesús F. Escanero

Raghavan Rajagopalan and Richard B. Dorshow

Michael Kimuli, John Sciberras and Stuart Lloyd

Rameysh D. Mahmood, Lee Yizhi and Mark Tan M.L.

**the Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate 251** 

A. Atamer, S. Alisir Ecder, Y. Atamer, Y. Kocyigit, N. Bozkurt Yigit and T. Ecder

Chapter 13 **Neutrophil Activation and Erythrocyte** 

Chapter 14 **Assessing Iron Status in CKD Patients:** 

Chapter 15 **Exogenous Fluorescent Agents for** 

Chapter 16 **Modern Surgical Treatments of** 

Bannakij Lojanapiwat

Chapter 17 **Extra-Anatomic Urinary Drainage** 

Chapter 18 **Percutaneous Nephrostomy 297** 

Chapter 19 **Unusual Vascular Access for** 

Cesar A. Restrepo V

**New Laboratory Parameters 225**

**Urinary Tract Obstruction 261**

**for Urinary Obstruction 281**

**Hemodialysis Therapies 315** 

**(NSS) for Renal Tumours >4 cm 329**  Amélie Parisel, Frederic Baekelandt, Hein Van Poppel and Steven Joniau

Chapter 20 **The Role of Nephron-Sparing Surgery** 

**and End Stage Renal Disease 161**

Chapter 11 **Molecular Mechanisms of** 

**Therapy Dose in Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease** 

**Extract in Experimental Chronic Renal Failure 175** 

**Nitric Oxide (NO) and Homocysteine (Hcy) on Progression of Mild Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Relationship Between Clinical and Biochemical Parameters 197**


Carlos E. Yepes Delgado, Yanett M. Montoya Jaramillo, Beatriz E. Orrego Orozco and Daniel C. Aguirre Acevedo

Preface

where education alone is not enough.

enthusiastic approach.

Chronic kidney disease is an increasing health and economical problem in our world. Obesity and diabetes mellitus, the two most common cause of CKD, are becoming epidemic in our societies. Education on healthy lifestyle and diet is becoming more and more important for reducing the number of type 2 diabetics and patients with hypertension. Education of our patients is also crucial for successful maintenance therapy. There are, however, certain other factors leading to CKD, for instance the genetic predisposition in the case of polycystic kidney disease or type 1 diabetes,

When the first angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, Captopril, was developed in 1975 it changed not only the treatment of hypertension, but of diabetic nephropathy and other chronic kidney diseases. In the past forty years we did not have such a breakthrough in the treatment of CKD. However, several valuable discoveries were made which greatly enhanced our understanding of the role of nitric oxide and mechanisms responsible for anemia and CKD-related bone diseases. Most certainly, dialysis techniques have developed greatly over the past seventy years and have become available for a wide range of people. Furthermore, advanced surgical procedures and tools were developed in the past years to resolve ureteral obstructions originating from stones or prostate hypertrophy. These modern techniques are discussed in our book along with currently accepted procedures for kidney cancers.

How can we further improve the treatment of CKD patients? Besides prevention, the most important aim would be to constantly look for, and try to understand the mechanistic details of disease development and progression. Perhaps no other disease is as complex and complicated as CKD since the symptoms result from the constant interaction of multiple organ systems as is the case with cardiorenal syndrome, CKDrelated anemia, and bone diseases. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of the disease, we need continuous communication between nephrologists, surgeons, and basic scientists, since only our joint approach can lay down the foundation of the next (bio)medical breakthrough. The chapters of our book introduce readers to this

I would like to thank all of our contributors for their valuable time and expertise and for the high quality chapters which provide a greatly enjoyable reading experience. I
