**3.2.3 Anesthetic**

Most patients need only local anesthesia, but some may need intravenous sedation or general anesthesia, the latter specifically for pediatric patients. The type of anesthesia administered depends on the individual patient and indication of nephrostomy tube placement. Simple percutaneous external drainage can be tolerated with local anesthesia or intravenous analgesia with sedation. General anesthesia is preferable in children with all indications of nephrostomy tube placement.
