**Meet the editors**

Professor Thais Russomano, MD, MSc, PhD, has 30 years of experience in Aerospace Medicine, Space Physiology, Telemedicine and eHealth. She is a Brazilian MD, with an MSc degree in Aerospace Medicine (USA), a PhD degree in Space Physiology from King's College London (KCL) and a 2-year experience as a researcher at DLR, Germany. She founded the MicroG research

centre, PUCRS, in Brazil, which she coordinated for 18 years. Thais is an international guest lecturer, CEO of InnovaSpace (UK) and CMO of the International Space Medicine Consortium (USA). She is a senior lecturer at CHAPS, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, KCL, contributing to Aviation and Space Courses. Thais holds seven patents in Space Sciences and Biomedical Engineering and is a member of academies, associations and societies, contributing to several of their scientific committees. She is a published author of books, book chapter and numerous scientific papers related to her areas of expertise.

Dr. Lucas Rehnberg, MBBS, BSc, MSc, graduated from Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry in 2015 and is currently a clinical fellow in Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, UK. Lucas also has an undergraduate degree in Biomedical Sciences and a master's degree in Human and Applied Physiology from Kings College London (2009). Since

2011, Lucas has been a visiting research associate at the Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), KCL, and a consultant in Space Medicine at the MicroG research centre, PUCRS, Brazil, since 2012. More recently, he has become involved with InnovaSpace in the role of SGen Hub Coordinator. Lucas has over a decade of experience in space life sciences, from conducting research to publishing papers in the area of space medicine, as well as international presentations and teaching.

Contents

**Preface VII**

Sara M. Langston

Tony Milligan

Carole Tafforin

**the Brain 45**

**Nervous System 71** Alex P. Michael

**Countermeasure 103**

Fujii

Chapter 1 **Reimagining Icarus: Ethics, Law and Policy Considerations for**

**Commercial Human Spaceflight 1**

Chapter 3 **From the Individual to the Cultural Space Group 31**

Chapter 4 **Acute and Chronic Effects of Hypobaric Exposure upon**

Chapter 2 **Basic Methodology for Space Ethics 17**

Paul Sherman and John Sladky

Chapter 5 **Spaceflight Induced Changes in the Central**

Chapter 6 **The Effect of Gravity on the Nervous System 87**

Chapter 7 **Spaceflight: Immune Effects and Nutritional**

Chapter 8 **Countermeasure Development for Lumbopelvic Deconditioning in Space 121**

Florian P.M. Kohn, Claudia Koch and Ramona Ritzmann

Anil D Kulkarni, Marie-Francoise Doursout, Asmita Kulkarni, Alamelu Sundaresan, Takehito Miura, Koji Wakame and Hajime

Andrew Winnard, Dorothee Debuse and Nick Caplan
