*4.2.1. Markers of cell-cycle arrest*

Metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) have been identified as a markers of cell-cycle arrest and are induced in renal tubules following AKI. It is supposed that the resulting cell-cycle arrest then limits proliferation of damaged tubule cells. The metabolites of TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 can be measured in the urine. In a small study of children undergoing CPB, the urinary TIMP-1/IGFBP7 product was increased 4 h post-CPB in children who developed AKI [139].
