**4. Conclusion**

expression of epoxide hydrolase 2 was increased in all groups compared to the control group. All together, these results suggested that cytochrome P450 metabolites and the NO pathway

rates, particularly when treatment started in the first hour. In traumatized rats, nitrite levels in spinal cord increased compared to control group; however, they diminished after HBO<sup>2</sup>

The safety of more advanced attempts to deliver increased oxygen levels to hypoxic or ischemic tissues, such as with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, is also being questioned [15]. There are

out causing cerebral or pulmonary toxicity and can potentially improve clinical outcome [10].

increase oxidative stress and transiently impair the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, even in healthy rats [18]. In study on isolated aortic rings in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, acetylcholine-induced relaxation and hypoxia-induced relaxation which were impaired

restored by superoxide scavenger TEMPOL. The mRNA expression of iNOS was decreased

sion and activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were increased in the intermittent

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the studies were performed in the triple transgenic model of AD

reducing astrogliosis, microgliosis and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) and increasing expression of scavenger receptor A, arginase1 and anti-inflammatory

stroke has been illustrated in many studies, and meanwhile, many underlying mechanisms associated with neuroprotection have been demonstrated, such as cerebral oxygenation promotion and metabolic improvement, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, blood-brain barrier protection, anti-inflammation and decrease in cerebral edema, intracranial pressure modulation and increased vascular and neural regeneration [20]. However, as noted previously, studies performed in human stroke patients lack controls. Thus, data are not

group as well. Vasorelaxation was restored and oxidative stress was normalized 24 h

due to increased serum oxidative stress and superoxide production were

reduced hypoxia, amyloid burden and tau phosphorylation in 3xTg mice

and restore the mechanisms of vascular relaxation in diabetic rats [16, 17], acute HBO2

and HET0016 in diabetic female

improved the results of the inclined

can

group. The expres-

treatment resulted in higher recovery

and HET0016 are very effective treatments of

significantly improves physiologic measures with-

treatments which do not increase oxidative stress

while gene expression of superoxide dismutase SOD1

in other neurological diseases, such as

attenuated neuroinflammatory processes by

for neurological outcome after

treatment on rats with experimental traumatic spinal cord injury

treatment was conducted, the greater decrease in nitrite levels

are involved in the observed therapeutic effects of HBO<sup>2</sup>

4 Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment in Research and Clinical Practice - Mechanisms of Action in Focus

was performed 1, 6 and 24 h after brain trauma. HBO<sup>2</sup>

and 24 h after HBO<sup>2</sup>

In attempt to evaluate possibility to use HBO<sup>2</sup>

and ameliorated their behavioral deficits. HBO<sup>2</sup>

cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) [19]. The beneficial effect of HBO<sup>2</sup>

and SOD3 and NADPH oxidase was increased in the intermittent HBO<sup>2</sup>

plane level tests and motor strength test. Early HBO<sup>2</sup>

Sprague-Dawley rats. Furthermore, HBO<sup>2</sup>

substantial number of evidence that HBO<sup>2</sup>

In contrast to chronic, intermittent HBO<sup>2</sup>

stroke [13]. Similarly, HBO<sup>2</sup>

treatments. As earlier the HBO<sup>2</sup>

was observed [14].

after acute HBO<sup>2</sup>

in the acute HBO2

in old mice. HBO<sup>2</sup>

after the treatment [18].

HBO2

HBO2 is an established therapeutic approach in many acute, life-threatening conditions and also has been submitted to scrutinizing evaluation for new indications. Not only there is a wide field of potential application of HBO<sup>2</sup> in experimental research and clinical therapy, but also there is a need for improved understanding of the mechanisms of action of HBO<sup>2</sup> . Mechanisms of HBO<sup>2</sup> -induced beneficiary effects are under intense investigation and their understanding promise HBO2 with low unwanted side effects when utilized in well-designed controlled fashion.
