Chapter 24 **Investigation of Optical Properties and Radiation Stability of TiO2 Powders before and after Modification by Nanopowders of Various Oxides 485**

Mikhail M. Mikhailov, Vitaly V. Neshchimenko, Semyon A. Yuryev and Alexey N. Sokolovskiy

Preface

Titanium dioxide is currently being used in many industrial products. It provides unique photocatalytic properties for water splitting and purification, bacterial inactivation, and or‐ ganic degradation. In addition, due to its desirable optical, electronic, and mechanical prop‐ erties, it has been widely used as the photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and coatings for self-cleaning surfaces, biomedical implant, and nanomedicine. This book covers various aspects of titanium dioxide nanomaterials including their unique one-dimensional, two-dimensional, mesoporous, and hierarchical nanostructures and their synthetic methods such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, anodic oxidation, and electrophoretic deposition (EPD), as well as its key applications. Through these 24 chapters written by experts from the interna‐ tional scientific community, readers will have access to a comprehensive overview of the recent research and development findings on the titanium dioxide nanomaterials through original research studies and literature reviews. Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive over‐ view on the preparation of titanium dioxide hierarchical nanostructures (HNSs) by various synthetic routes and summarizes the merits and demerits of those synthetic techniques. It also linked the applications of HNSs to the morphologies obtained from different synthetic techniques. Chapter 2 presents a one-step surface hydrolysis method to prepare high-aspect ratio TiO2 nanoflakes, which shows enhanced photocatalytic activities for the degradation of methylene blue, better rate capabilities and excellent cycling stability as a negative electrode material for Li-ion batteries, and improved photon energy conversion efficiency in the DSSCs. Chapter 3 provides detailed experimental conditions for the preparation of mesopo‐ rous TiO2 films and their physicochemical characteristics, as well as their photocatalytic ap‐ plications. Chapter 4 reveals the effects of deposition parameters on the characteristics of the TiO2 and doped TiO2 thin films by sol-gel process, and it has been found that dopants were able to improve the mechanical, optical, and surface properties of TiO2 thin films. Chapter 5 reports the nonaqueous solvent sol-gel route for the synthesis of metal ion (Zr+4 or Na+

ed TiO2 with improved photocatalytic properties due to small grain size, reduced electron hole recombination, and formation of oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 structures. Chapter 6 in‐ vestigates the effect of various electrochemical parameters such as applied voltage, anodiza‐ tion time, and electrolyte composition on the formation of TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) in aqueous and organic electrolytes by anodic oxidation. Chapter 7 presents the one-step and two-step anodic oxidation processes for making one-dimensional TiO2 nanotube/nanowire arrays with various unique morphologies. It reveals the formation mechanisms through in‐ vestigating several key synthetic process parameters and characterizes the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activities of these nanostructures through the degradation of methylene blue. Chapter 8 presents an overview on the different methods used for the prep‐ aration of titanium dioxide nanomaterials including nanoparticles. Chapter 9 investigates

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