**9. Summary**

The take-home points are as follows:

• prognostic risk stratification is used to guide treatment decisions in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients;

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The medical treatment of renal cell carcinoma is rapidly evolving with the introduction of new treatments entering the market on a regular basis. Whilst this is challenging for the physician treating renal cell carcinoma, it is excellent news for our patients who will benefit from the greater arsenal of treatments available.
