**3.1. Research design**

A case study design was undertaken, data was collected from key sites in the upper half of the North Island. Case studies allow researchers to focus on the case, in this instance on key Enliven sites in the upper North Island. Case study allows for a holistic and real world approach ([30], p. 4).

In an attempt to answer the overarching research question the research, a mixed methods were utilised [31]. Two stages of data collection were employed to identify the key factors that constitute effective restorative home support services for people living with dementia and caregivers.

In stage one, a literature review was undertaken to identify the research evidence for best practice in home support care. A literature review is a critical examination of the research evidence and enables researchers to place their research question in context with previous research findings, refine research methods and analysis, avoid unnecessary replication of previous studies, and build upon previous research evidence [32]. A combination of New Zealand and international research literature was incorporated into the review, with a particular focus upon home support services incorporating restorative care principles. International research evidence was gathered from countries with similar social dynamics to New Zealand including Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada. In addition to providing an overview of best practice elements, the review helped inform the questions for the fieldwork.

In stage two, mixed methods using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods were used to gather a comprehensive range of data from Enliven clients and the caregivers/ families, Enliven home support staff and senior managers, along with key stakeholders in the community who are recognised as experts in the field of dementia care home support services and social/health policy implementation were invited to participate in the research. Qualitative research methods used in the project included semi-structured telephone and focus groups interviews. Semi-structured interviews allow research participants to liberally discuss their thoughts, feeling and experiences about a particular research topic. This process enables researchers to gain rich insights into the 'meaning' individuals formulate about their experiences. Focus groups are an effective means of gathering data across a group of people – this process helps to identify differences and similarities in people's experience and opinions through discussion and participant interaction. Quantitative research methods used in the project included the administration of a paper-based survey questionnaire. Questionnaires are an efficient method for capturing data from a range of key informants in different locations.
