**5. Conclusion**

The central nervous system is one of the key targets for diabetes mellitus, and the disruption of which is manifested by cognitive impairment [25]. More recently, it has been shown that in patients with diabetes not only the risk of developing dementia is increased but also the likelihood of progression from a mild cognitive disorder to Alzheimer's disease [21]. Chronic hyperglycemia and also glucose variability are risk factors for the development of cognitive dysfunction, which confirms the need for more severe compensation of the disease. A complex diagnosis of cognitive impairment by studying the neuropsychological status of patients is suggested. The markers of cognitive dysfunction-neurospecific proteins and structural changes in the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain are studied. The test markers were associated with unsatisfactory metabolic control. In addition, the effect of cognitive impairment on QoL of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been shown, especially in cases of impaired memory and attention functions. In addition, modern metabolism of the brain was studied with the help of the modern MRS method in type 1 diabetes mellitus, and changes in the parameters of Cr and Cr2 in the hippocampal region responsible for cognitive changes were detected. That confirms the fact of functional changes in the brain in diabetes and in the early stages of the disease and can be corrected with the help of rehabilitation measures in the form of cognitive training and/or therapeutic physical training.
