Contents

#### **Preface XIII**

#### **Section 1 Synthesis 1**


Jorge Morales Hernández, Verónica N. Martínez Escobedo, Héctor Herrera Hernández, José M. Juárez García and Joel Moreno Palmerin


Chapter 7 **Delamination and Longitudinal Cracking in Multilayered Composite Nanostructured Coatings and Their Influence on Cutting Tool Wear Mechanism and Tool Life 111** Alexey Vereschaka, Sergey Grigoriev, Nikolay Sitnikov, Gaik Oganyan, Anatoliy Aksenenko and Andre Batako

Chapter 16 **Noble Metal-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cells 291**

Chapter 17 **Capillary Electrophoresis in Nanotechnologies versus**

Vojtech Adam and Marketa Vaculovicova

**Wettability Alteration 327**

Sarmadivaleh and Stefan Iglauer

Chapter 18 **Nanofluids as Novel Alternative Smart Fluids for Reservoir**

Zhang

Hongpan Rong, Shuping Zhang, Sajid Muhammad and Jiatao

Contents **VII**

**Nanotechnologies in Capillary Electrophoresis 311**

Lezorgia Nekabari Nwidee, Ahmed Barifcani, Mohammad


Chapter 7 **Delamination and Longitudinal Cracking in Multilayered**

**Cutting Tool Wear Mechanism and Tool Life 111** Alexey Vereschaka, Sergey Grigoriev, Nikolay Sitnikov, Gaik

Oganyan, Anatoliy Aksenenko and Andre Batako

Chapter 8 **Mechanical Properties of GO Nanostructures Prepared from**

Chapter 9 **Convective Transport Characteristics of Nanofluids in Light-Weight Metal Foams with High Porosity 147**

Chapter 12 **Palladium (II) Oxide Nanostructures as Promising Materials for**

Chapter 14 **Ultralight Paper-Based Electrodes for Energy Applications 257**

Chapter 15 **Rationally Fabricated Nanomaterials for Desalination and**

Chapter 13 **Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery: Emergent Perspectives from Application 231**

Chapter 10 **Nanotechnologies in Cultural Heritage - Materials and Instruments for Diagnosis and Treatment 173**

Chapter 11 **Nanofibers and Electrospinning Method 191** Nabeel Zabar Abed Al-Hazeem

**Freeze-Drying Method 133**

**Section 2 Applications 145**

**VI** Contents

Caruțiu

**Gas Sensors 211**

Petre Badica

Nabanita Saikia

Chuan-Pei Lee

**Water Purification 271** Rajendra S. Dongre

Jiuren Yin, Yong Jiang and Ping Zhang

**Composite Nanostructured Coatings and Their Influence on**

Yanhuai Ding, Hui Chen, Zheng Li, Huming Ren, Xianqiong Tang,

Huijin Xu, Zhanbin Xing, Fuqiang Wang and Changying Zhao

Rodica-Mariana Ion, Sanda-Maria Doncea and Daniela Ţurcanu-

Alexander M. Samoylov, Stanislav V. Ryabtsev, Vasily N. Popov and

Chapter 18 **Nanofluids as Novel Alternative Smart Fluids for Reservoir Wettability Alteration 327** Lezorgia Nekabari Nwidee, Ahmed Barifcani, Mohammad Sarmadivaleh and Stefan Iglauer

Preface

The present book *Novel Nanomaterials- Synthesis and Applications* describes many points in materials of nanotechnology. Nanomaterials is one of the hottest fields in nanotechnology that studies fabrication, characterization, and analysis of materials with morphological fea‐ tures on the nanoscale in at least one dimension. Recent progress in synthesis and funda‐ mental understanding of properties of nanomaterial has led to significant advancement of nanomaterial-based gas/chemical/biological sensors. The most important aspect of nanoma‐ terial is their special properties associated with nanoscale geometries. The most fundamen‐ tal characteristic of nanomaterials is their high surface area to volume ratio, which results in a number of unusual physical and chemical properties such as high molecular adsorption, large surface tension force, enhanced chemical and biological activities, large catalytic ef‐ fects, and extreme mechanical strength. Another unique property of this material, which is recently the most studied, is the quantum size effect that leads to their discrete electronic band structure like those of molecules. This quantum property of nanomaterial can lead to an extraordinary high sensitivity and selectivity of biosensors and can be a benefit to the field of diagnostics. This book covers the recent progress of selected nanomaterials over a broad range of gas/chemical/biological sensing applications, and examples of nanomaterials in sensing and diagnostic application are also presented. The hottest area of nanomaterial called "carbon nanomaterial" including carbon nanotube and graphene is currently re‐ viewed. With the extensive review of newly discovered nanomaterials used for sensors and diagnostics, this book will be interesting not only for scientists working in the field of nano‐ material-based sensor technology but also for students studying analytical chemistry, bio‐ chemistry, electrochemistry, material science, and micro- and nanotechnology. All of the above clearly indicate that the "world" of nanomaterials has various sections. Therefore, the scope of this book is wide. Specialists, researchers, and professors from more than 20 coun‐ tries have published in this book their research in the nanomaterial field. We are grateful to all of the authors who have contributed their tremendous expertise to the present book. We wish to acknowledge the outstanding support of Ms. Maja Bozicevic, Publishing Process

Manager, InTechOpen , who collaborated tirelessly in crafting this book.

**Dr. George Z. Kyzas (MSc, PhD) and Prof. Athanasios C. Mitropoulos (MSc, PhD)**

*The new (autumn 2017) "MPhil in Nanotechnology" (Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of*

Hephaestus Advanced Laboratory

Kavala, Greece

Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology

The future of nanomaterials is indeed bright!

**Dedicated to**

*Technology, Kavala, Greece)*
