**Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Assessment of TiO2 Nanoparticle Effects on Barley**

Alessandro Mattiello and Luca Marchiol

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68710

#### **Abstract**

Many aspects associated with the application of nanotechnology to agricultural activities are still unknown. In particular, there is not enough information on nanotoxicology in crops and we do not know the fate of nanoparticles in crops. Multiple experiments were carried out to study the effects of titanium oxide nanoparticles (*n*TiO2 ) on barley (*Hordeum vulgare*). Germinating seeds were exposed to 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg l−1 *n*TiO2 . Seed germination percentage, mitotic index, root elongation, and Ti concentration in seedlings were observed. In a greenhouse experiment, plants of barley were grown to physiological maturity in con‐ trol soil and soil enriched with 500 and 1000 mg *n*TiO2 mg kg−1, respectively. The duration of the growth cycle and the plant biomass was influenced by *n*TiO2 compared to control plants. Concentrations of Ti were not very high with the exception of roots. However, the *n*TiO2 soil amendment had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley grains. Concentrations of Ca, Mn, and Zn in kernels were increased by *n*TiO2 treatments. Concentration of amino acids was affected by the treatments as well. *n*TiO2 treatments have the potential to influence the food chain and processing and economics of barley.

**Keywords:** nanotechnology, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, agriculture, crop growth
