5. Vulnerability-stress model of drug addiction

The major focus of this paper was focused on nursing intervention in perspective of two types of human responses—reactions to actual health problems or illness (health-restoring responses) and concerns about potential health problems (health-supporting responses) [28]. The vulnerabilitystress model determines the factors that affect schizophrenic psychotic symptoms and integrates a holistic perspective in which both biological and psychological variables explain the onset, course, and psychotic symptoms. Additionally, this model illustrates the interaction between four factors, which can be further subdivided [28, 29] as follows:
