8.2.2. Nursing outcomes

	- Establish nutritious eating patterns
	- Establish a balance of rest, sleep, and activity
	- Establish physiologic homeostasis
	- Maintain physiologic stability
	- Verbalize knowledge of prevention of HIV transmission
	- Agree to participate in a treatment program
	- Follow through with discharge plans regarding employment, legal involvement, family problems, and financial difficulties

6. Monitor the PDD's intake and output and any pertinent laboratory values, such as electro-

Nursing Care for Persons with Drug Addiction http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73334 69

7. Encourage oral fluids, especially juice, fortified malts, or milk. If the PDD is vomiting, intravenous therapy may be necessary. Milk, juice, and malts provide a maximum of

8. Talk with the PDD quietly in short, simple terms. Do not chatter or make social conversation. Excessive talking on your part may be irritating to the PDD in withdrawal.

9. Be comfortable with silence. You may touch or hold the PDD's hand if these actions comfort or reassure the PDD. Your physical presence conveys your acceptance of the PDD.

10. Encourage the PDD to bathe, wash his or her hair, and wear clean clothes. Personal

11. Assist the PDD as necessary; it may be necessary to provide complete physical care depending on the severity of the withdrawal symptoms. You should attend to the PDD's

12. \*Teach the PDD that substance dependence is an illness and requires long-term treatment and follow-up. Refer the PDD to a substance dependence treatment program. A substance withdrawal program deals only with the PDD's physical dependence. Further therapy is

13. Family and significant others are affected by the PDD's drug use and also need help with their own issues. Dealing with relapses was difficult, and public resources were lacked. The coping strategies that they use were suggestion, religiosity and faith, isolation, and ambivalence in thoughts and attitudes [32]. Therefore, nurse should enhanced coping strategies and knowledge in family members and significant others of PDD as well.

14. Teach the PDD about the prevention of HIV transmission. PDD who use intravenous drugs are at increased risk for HIV transmission by sharing needles and by sexual activity,

15. \*If the PDD is HIV positive, refer him or her for medical treatment and counseling related to HIV disease. PDD who are HIV positive face the risk of AIDS as well as the loss of friends, family, housing, insurance, employment, and so forth. PDD may be unaware of

Quality of life of PDD is the indicator to illustrate the quality of nursing intervention outcomes. Detection of drug addiction is most effective when multiple types of assessment are used. A combination of interview, screening instruments, information from collateral sources, and

cleanliness will enhance the PDD's sense of well-being.

especially when judgment is impaired.

16. Evaluation of nursing outcomes.

9. Conclusion

available medical treatment and supportive resources.

laboratory tests such as urine test and drug screens should be used.

hygiene only to the extent that he or she cannot do so independently.

needed to address the primary problem of substance dependence.

nutrients in a small volume. Fluids usually are tolerated best by the PDD initially.

lytes. The PDD in withdrawal is at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

• Abstain from alcohol and drugs

#### 8.2.3. Implementation

