**2.2.3 Normal anatomy**

Normal structures which can be observed via posterior two portals are shown in Figure 115.

Fig. 11. Normal anatomy of the posterior ankle.

Fig. 10. Anatomic dissection of the posterior ankle around the posteromedial portal (left)

tendon; 5. Tibian nerve and posterior tibial artery; 6. Sural nerve; 7. Peroneal tendon

1. Posteromedial portal; 2. Posterolateral portal; 3. Achilles tendon; 4. Flexor hallucis longus

Normal structures which can be observed via posterior two portals are shown in Figure 115.

and the posterolateral portal (right).

Fig. 11. Normal anatomy of the posterior ankle.

**2.2.3 Normal anatomy** 

1. Superficial component of the posterior tibiofibular ligament; 2. Deep component of the posterior tibiofibular ligament or transvers ligament; 3. Tibial insertion of the posterior intermalleolar ligament; 4. Tibial malleolar insertion of the posterior intermalleolar ligament; 5. Talar insertion of the posterior intermalleolar ligament; 6. Posterior talofibular ligament; 7. Calcaneofibular ligament; 8. Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon; 9. Entrance of the tarsal tunnel; 10. FHL retinaculum; 11. Lateral malleolus; 12. Tibia; 13. Posterior talar dome; 14. Posterolateral talar process; 15. Subtalar joint; 16. Calcaneus
