**8. Conclusion**

It is evident that for ideal chondrogenesis with hyaline cartilage in contained or uncontained lesions, the correct surgical technique with attention to detail, a postoperative adjuvant therapy with a high percentage of viable PBPC in combination with HA, and the importance of a postoperative rehabilitation program are important. Failure to adhere to these three important basic principles will result in inferior repair tissue which will inevitably deteriorate with time.

Articular hyaline cartilage regeneration is possible with arthroscopic subchondral drilling followed by postoperative intraarticular injections of autologous PBPC in combination with HA.

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**8** 

Masoud Riyami

*Sultanate of Oman* 

*Sultan Qaboos University, Oman* 

**Traumatic Chondral Lesions of the Knee** 

The knee joint is classified as a modified hinge joint, with its structure providing a highly mobile and complex joint (fig.1). It consists of two condylar joints between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and the corresponding plateaus of the tibia, and anteriorly a synovial plane patellofemoral joint. The articular surface of the knee is covered by Hyaline cartilage that is supported by subchondral bone. This Hyaline cartilage is very soft and yields its interstitial water easily when compressed yet it is very stiff in tension along planes parallel to the articular surface (Buckwalter and Mow, 2003). Intact cartilage provides a smooth, lubricated gliding surface with a coefficient of friction better than most man-made bearing materials (Buckwalter and Mow, 2003). In the knee articular cartilage distributes the loads of articulation, thereby minimizing peak stresses acting on the subchondral bone whilst the tensile strength of the tissue maintains its structural integrity under loading. These biomechanical properties make the tissue remarkably durable and wear resistant, enabling it to last many decades, even under high and repetitive stresses (Buckwalter and Mow, 2003).

**1. Introduction** 

**1.1 Anatomy and knee joint function** 

Fig. 1. Structure of knee joint (www.arthroscopy.com)

**Diagnosis and Treatment** 

