Contents

#### **Preface XI**


### Chapter 8 **Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oil Isolated from Coleus zeylanicus under Normal and Salinity Stress Conditions 107**

Divya Kotagiri, Khasim Beebi Shaik and Viswanatha Chaitanya Kolluru

#### Chapter 9 **Vascular Calcification and Oxidative DNA Damage as Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Renal Disease 121**

Edith Viridiana Alatorre-Moreno, José Ignacio Cerrillos-Gutiérrez, Jorge Andrade-Sierra, Enrique Rojas-Campos, Sandra Carrillo-Ibarra, Sonia Sifuentes-Franco, Andrés García-Sánchez and Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz

Preface

The idea of this book project comes after the much-acclaimed volume in this series, *Free Rad‐ icals and Diseases* published by InTech in 2016 (downloaded more than 11,000 times). Free radicals have been extensively studied in recent years, but with very few exceptions, their roles in the etiologies of specific disorders remain largely undefined. As our understanding of molecular regulation improves, the roles that free radicals have in both preserving and

Antioxidants may play a role in the management or prevention of some medical conditions, such as some cancers, macular degeneration, Alzheimer's diseases, and autoimmune disor‐ ders. This volume entitled *Free Radicals, Antioxidants, and Diseases* gives an idea of detecting free radicals in vivo by newer techniques and provides insights into the roles played by var‐

The book covers topics beginning from the basics of free radicals and the role of antioxi‐ dants in human health, including mechanisms of their actions in disease prevention such as the role of dimethylformamide in cerebral ischemia, essential oil from *Coleus zeylanicus*, car‐ dioprotective effects of S-nitrosothiols, and physical exercise as prooxidant and antioxidant. Analysis of various antioxidants by EPR is also described. Some of the chapters present re‐ views on subjects of oxidative DNA damage in chronic renal diseases and aging process. The role of microRNAs as possible regulators of gene expression in aging is also envisaged. Since this field is rapidly expanding with new discoveries of implications of free radicals in many diseases and roles of various antioxidants being reported every year, we hope that these two books will also provide a reference to free radical research having easy-to-follow ap‐ proach for the academic use or laboratory manual for students in basic and medical sciences. I am very much delighted to be involved in this book project. It really gives me the chance to go through the diversified aspects of this astonishing field. I am indebted to Dr. Abdullah Al-Rubaish, President of IAU; Dr. Fahad Al-Muhanna, Vice President; Prof. Ali Al-Sultan, Dean of the College of Medicine; and Prof. Abdulaziz Al-Sebiani, Vice Dean of Academic Affairs for providing me the time and necessary facilities for this accomplishment. Editorial

**Rizwan Ahmad, MPhil, PhD**

Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

College of Medicine

Dammam, Saudi Arabia

adversely affecting functions will become more clearly defined.

ious antioxidants in combating diseases caused by oxidative stress.

assistance by Ms. Marijana Francetic is gratefully acknowledged.
