**Acknowledgements**

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) of Malaysia for this work, which forms part of a project on the "Development of condition rating procedure of integral bridges" (Project Number: 06-01-02- SF0323) and Ministry of Higher Learning Malaysia for grant FRGS/1/2016/TK06/UKM/02/2. The authors also thank the Public Works Department of Malaysia for providing the data.
