**Author details**

**8. Conclusion**

The current rapid growth in the generation of MSW due to population growth and increasing economic development in developing countries has become one of the most serious environmental issues. In 2016, the total amount of MSW in Thailand increased to 27.06 million tons. The efficiency of waste collection is about 80% countrywide but only 36% of the total generated waste is disposed of through acceptable processes such as incineration, composting and landfilling. Moreover, SWM is an interdisciplinary issue. It inevitably involves municipalities, scavengers, investors, teachers, and people. The concept of WM has been embraced by Thailand through the setting of a national master plan for SWM, waste separation at source, clustering waste disposal sites, terminating open dumping, rehabilitating landfills, promoting investment in waste businesses, and building up civil discipline to support sustainable SWM.The increasing amounts of household mixed waste has created a national problem, the resolution of which is to turn a crisis into an opportunity and to reap benefits from garbage. The Thai government has directed provincial authorities to discover new locations for constructing waste management

(1)Remark: This FiT rate applies to projects that supply power into the grid system in the year 2017. After 2017, FiTV will be continually increased depending on the core inflation rate. This rate applies to waste fuel (integrated waste

(2)Projects located in Southern Border Provinces i.e. Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat provinces, and only 4 districts in Songkla

**Capacity (MW) FiT (Bht/kWhr) Support** 

**1. Waste** (Integrated waste management)

234 Advances in Biofuels and Bioenergy

**4. Biogas** (Wastewater/Manure/Solid

management), biomass, and biogas (energy crop) projects only [36].

province (Chana, Tepha, Sabayoi, and Natawee) [36].

**3. Biomass**

waste)

**6. Hydropower**

**FiTF FiTV, 2017**

Installed capacity >1 MW 3.13 3.21 6.34 20 0.70 0.50 Installed capacity >1–3 MW 2.61 3.21 5.82 20 0.70 0.50 Installed capacity >3 MW 2.39 2.69 5.08 20 0.70 0.50 **2. Waste** (Landfill) 5.60 — 5.60 10 — 0.50

Installed capacity >1 MW 3.13 2.21 5.34 20 0.50 0.50 Installed capacity >1–3 MW 2.61 2.21 4.82 20 0.40 0.50 Installed capacity >3 MW 2.39 1.85 4.24 20 0.30 0.50

**5. Biogas** (Energy crop) 2.79 2.55 5.34 20 0.50 0.50

Installed capacity >200 kW 4.90 — 4.90 20 — 0.50 **7. Wind** 6.06 — 6.06 20 — 0.50

**Table 5.** Feed-in tariff (FiT) rate of renewable energy for very small power producers (VSPP) [36].

**duration (Years)**

3.76 — 3.76 20 0.50 0.50

**FiT(1) Bio-fuel** 

**FiT premium (Bht/kWhr)**

**Projects in border area(2) (Entire project lifetime)**

**projects (First 8 years)**

Warangkana Jutidamrongphan1,2\*

\*Address all correspondence to: warangkana.j@psu.ac.th

1 Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand

2 Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, Thailand
