*2.1.4. Encouraging civil discipline, public education, and enactments for sustainability*

These strategies relate to improving civic quality by both gentle and strict methods. People illegally dumping solid, hazardous, and infectious waste including industrial and radioactive waste should be traced and strictly punished. Public relations, education, and awarenessraising are necessary to ensure public participation in integrated MSW management from cradle to grave including a reduction in the use of plastics and the promotion of substitute materials. It is important that overall awareness of the issue of waste management should be raised and that the practice of waste separation should be promoted particularly among students and adolescents as this is essential to ensure sustainable MSW [15]. Awareness of

**Figure 2.** Handbags from coffee pouches [17].

and sustainably resolve the waste problem. The provincial waste management committee also plays an important role in the selection of alternative waste technologies at a centralized waste disposal site selected depending on the size of their area and the likely inputs of waste. It is also important to deal with political issues which may arise during the bidding process

Additionally, governors have authorization to adopt a flexible approach where necessary, for example, in conducting environmental impact assessments (EIA), allowing joint ventures between private companies and government organizations under the Government Business Act (2013), the City Plan Act (1975), and the Environmental and Safety Assessment Act (ESA, 2009), as well as adopting measures to support private sector investment in solid and hazard-

In addition, provincial administration organizations have the authority to pass local regulations to set up, operate, control, and monitor waste disposal sites. These regulations may also cover waste separation (general waste, organic waste, recyclable waste, and hazardous waste)

Following this initial period, there follows an intermediate period of a year during which the policy highlights the disposal of products and packaging material which may include permitting the use of waste disposal sites and the disposal of electric appliances and electronic waste under pilot projects involving the extended producer responsibility (EPR) principle. Recycling of packaging material will be enforced in industrial sectors and measures will be taken to prevent illegal dumping of hazardous wastes. Waste treatment plants, disposal sites and recycling plants will be progressively introduced where they do not already exist and their use will be promoted. Local legislation relating to waste separation and the prohibition of the mixing of hazardous waste with MSW will also be enforced as well as other enactments

In the longer term beyond that year, measures will tend to focus on international directives that will make producers responsible for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) at the end of its useful life [13] based on the EPR concept and the polluter pays principle (PPP). These strategies are designed to promote the integration of environmental costs of goods throughout their life cycle into the market price. Therefore, the duty to eliminate WEEE should be allocated to producers in order to encourage them to adopt sustainable production methods [14].

These strategies relate to improving civic quality by both gentle and strict methods. People illegally dumping solid, hazardous, and infectious waste including industrial and radioactive waste should be traced and strictly punished. Public relations, education, and awarenessraising are necessary to ensure public participation in integrated MSW management from cradle to grave including a reduction in the use of plastics and the promotion of substitute materials. It is important that overall awareness of the issue of waste management should be raised and that the practice of waste separation should be promoted particularly among students and adolescents as this is essential to ensure sustainable MSW [15]. Awareness of

for concessions and to ensure that this process is transparent and fair.

and the prohibition of the mixing of hazardous waste with general MSW.

to support the integrated solid and hazardous waste management program.

*2.1.4. Encouraging civil discipline, public education, and enactments for sustainability*

ous waste management.

222 Advances in Biofuels and Bioenergy

these issues should be promoted at every school and academic institution [6] and higher educational institutions should be requested to introduce youth awareness programs for the environment and waste management. Several schools have already adopted such waste management approaches. For instance, Benjamarachutit School, a public high school in Nakorn Sri Thammarat province, applied food waste from canteen to produce effective microorganisms used in the organic hydroponic culture of Chinese mustard greens in their agricultural learning area with both economic and environmental benefits [16]. Similarly, Boonpeng [17] noted that the Director of Baan Don Kha School, a small primary school in Si Sa Ket province, initiated a waste separation campaign in which students separated waste into four types; glass bottles, plastic bottles, milk pouches, and paper. These waste products are recycled or sold to provide revenue applied to school learning activities. Similarly, this primary school also taught their students to create value-added products from waste for daily utilization such as making handbags from waste coffee pouches (**Figure 2**).
