6. Characteristic of biodiesel from non-edible oils

Table 2 represents the fuel properties of methyl esters (biodiesel) from various plant-based oils. Specific gravity of biodiesel methyl esters of six non-edible oils meet the standard biodiesel ranging from 0.86 to 0.89.


hand, Malaysia is also arranging partnership with private sectors in further expansion of jatropha plantations. Philippines has also developed J. curcas plantations through Philippinea National Oil Company (PNOC) and expect at least 700,000 ha jatropha plantations in the Mindanao area with yield of 300 gallons of biodiesel per acre [54]. The government arranges the mandate of utilizing biodiesel B2 in 2011. Jatropha is prominent biodiesel feedstock in Thailand [55] as well. Thailand started using biodiesel B2 in Cheiang Mai area and plans to increase the use of B5, B10 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Thailand also plans to collaborate

Non-Edible Vegetable Oils as Renewable Resources for Biodiesel Production: South-East Asia Perspective

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Production of biodiesel from edible oil such as palm, coconut, soybean, corn, rape seed oils, or other food crops like sugarcane will lead to severe shortage in food and its security. High price of edible oil makes them not feasible for the production biodiesel. In this situation, use of oils from non-edible sources may increase fuel security without interfering with the food security. South-East Asian countries fall in the tropical region and have many species of crops of nonedible oil. The non-edible crops can grow in waste as well as in marginal lands which may be helpful for reclaiming the unproductive areas. It is better to exploit these non-edible oils as feedstocks for biodiesel production. Major non-edible plants in this region are jatropha, karanja, polanga, neem, rubber, and mahua have shown significant potential as biodiesel feedstock. Biodiesel properties and fatty acid composition has in-direct correlation because transesterification cannot change the fatty acid composition. Fatty acid compositions give paradoxal properties among cetane number, low temperature properties, and stability of the products. Optimal characteristics could not be achieved within this current time. At present the end usage production is low and utilization of these oils are limited. Exploitation and utilization of these non-edible oils as biodiesel feedstock can save foreign currency, fossil fuel dependency, and equally improve the rural economy as well as future job opportunities.

1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh

2 Politeknik Akademi Teknologi Industri Padang, Ministry of Industry, Padang West

3 Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built

Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

\*, Sri Rizki Putri Primandari<sup>2</sup> and Zahira Yaakob<sup>3</sup>

with Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia in biofuel development.

8. Conclusion

Author details

Sumatera, Indonesia

Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam1

\*Address all correspondence to: aminuljkkp@yahoo.com

Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Source: Shaoo and Das [20]; Ghadge and Raherman [49]; Ramadhas et al. [29].

Note: JME = Jatropha Methyl Ester, KME = Karanja Methyl Ester, PME = Polanga Methyl Ester, MME = Mahua Methyl Ester, RME = Rubber Methyl Ester, NME = Neem Methyl Ester.

Table 2. Biodiesel properties from various non-edible oil feedstock.

Viscosities of all non-edible oils were ranging from 3.8 to 8.8, which comply with the standard biodiesel of EN 14214 and ASTM 6791–09, except neem methyl ester (Table 2). The neem oil was the most viscous one among the six oils. Consequently, the viscosity of neem methyl ester was the highest in their respective series. Biodiesel derived from jatropha, karanja, polanga, rubber, mahua, and neem were found to comply with the industrial standards.
