7. Status of biodiesel production in South-East Asia

Recently, biodiesel production from non-edible oil has risen. In South-East Asia, countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand have taken initiatives to develop biodiesel from non-edible oil generally using J. curcas. Indonesia has taken several steps in biodiesel roadmap including target to use 10% of diesel fuel consumption of 2.41 million kL within 2005–2010, spread out over Indonesia including Sumatera (Riau, Medan, South Sumatera, Jambi, and Dumai), Banten, West Kalimantan, Balikpapan, Papua, and Merauke in 2007– 2011. Biodiesel utilization will increase in 15% of diesel fuel consumption of 4.52 million kL by 2011–2015 and finally 20% of diesel fuel consumption of 10.22 million kL within 2025 [50]. Indonesia developed J. curcas and C. inophyllum as biodiesel feedstock. The country plans to breed 10 million of C. inophyllum seeds on 10,000 ha in Madura [51]. The Ministry of Forestry, Republic of Indonesia reported that, the engine runs well without problem on a road test with 370 km mileage by using biodiesel obtained from C. inophyllum.

Malaysia started with breeding high quality J. curcas seeds, sets-up the country policy, proper process and invests in the land for jatropha cultivation for biofuel production since 2005. Malaysia has also invested in processing plants and J. curcas [52, 53] plantations. On the other hand, Malaysia is also arranging partnership with private sectors in further expansion of jatropha plantations. Philippines has also developed J. curcas plantations through Philippinea National Oil Company (PNOC) and expect at least 700,000 ha jatropha plantations in the Mindanao area with yield of 300 gallons of biodiesel per acre [54]. The government arranges the mandate of utilizing biodiesel B2 in 2011. Jatropha is prominent biodiesel feedstock in Thailand [55] as well. Thailand started using biodiesel B2 in Cheiang Mai area and plans to increase the use of B5, B10 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Thailand also plans to collaborate with Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia in biofuel development.
