**Author details**

**Item Lowland dipterocarp Riparian Hill dipterocarp**

Above 177.29 138.07 246.88 Below 30.59 23.61 42.64 Total 207.88 161.67 289.52

**Table 7.** Biomass and carbon stocks of LDF, RF and HDF of PNP.

with average diameter of 24.0 cm.

these activities contribute 17% from the total CO<sup>2</sup>

**Carbon (t/ha) Carbon (t/ha) Carbon (t/ha)**

water stress [26]. According to Pereira Da Silva et al. [27], many factors influence the tree growth in the forest. Usually, tropical tree species exhibits different behavior under different environmental conditions regardless of species or families. Macdicken and Brewbaker [28] agreed with this finding in which they found a significant different between site location and species interactions which indicate different environmental requirements for each species. In support to these findings, Brackand and Wood [29] provided a fact that tree growth was influenced by the environmental factors in the forest. Factors such as climatic, soil, topographic and competition combine to create a site. Therefore, the biomass value in a forest is indirectly

Global climate change is the current major threat to the earth. Due to the rapid deforestation and land clearing and conversion that have been actively taking place since 1850 [3] the emis-

was reported that forests can remove twice the amount that is lost by deforestation. It was estimated that the total carbon pool in the forest ecosystems approximately 1150 Gt, of which

**Table 7** exhibits the carbon storage of lowland dipterocarp, riparian and HDF in PNP. The estimation of carbon storage within each forest was not greatly varies between different species or tree components. The carbon storage in HDF at 289.52 t/ha was higher than LDF and RF. LDF was 207.88 t/ha whereas the lowest was RF at 161.67 t/ha. Meanwhile, above ground carbon in HDF was 246.89 t/ha, in LDF was 177.29 t/ha while RF was 138.07 t/ha, respectively (see **Table 7**). The carbon storage in HDF was the highest due to the higher biomass in this forest. This is because the tree density in HDF was higher compared to the other two forests types (*n* = 579). As comparison to other study, Hikmat [13] found nearly the same result in three virgin jungle reserves (VJR) in Peninsular Malaysia. Carbon storage in Mata Ayer VJR, Bukit Bauk VJR and Gunung Pulai VJR recorded 221.43, 303.16 and 176.33 t/ha, respectively. In another study, [16] estimated carbon storage in Air Hitam Forest Reserve was 89.57 t/ha. This value was considerably lower than the present study because Air Hitam Forest Reserve was recovering from the past disturbances. Therefore, most of the sample trees were composed of small diameter trees

14% in temperate forests, 37% in tropical forests and 49% is in the boreal forests [3].

keeps increasing. Referring to the report from National Research Council [30],

released to the atmosphere. However, it

affected by these factors because tree biomass value depends on the tree diameter.

**3.6. Carbon stocks**

136 National Parks - Management and Conservation

sion of CO2

Nor Farika Zani1,2, Mohd Nazip Suratman1,2, Adzmi Yaacob<sup>3</sup> and Nazlin Asari1,2\*

\*Address all correspondence to: nazlin0023@salam.uitm.edu.my

1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia

2 Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia

3 Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
