**Author details**

David Rodríguez-Rodríguez1,2\* and Javier Martínez-Vega1

\*Address all correspondence to: david.rodriguez@csic.es

1 Spanish National Research Council (IEGD-CSIC), Associated Unit GEOLAB, Madrid, Spain

2 Andalucia Tech, European Topic Centre-Universidad of Malaga, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

## **References**


[3] Dudley N, editor. Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. Gland: IUCN; 2008

indicators, five social indicators and five economic indicators [20]. Those indicators were subsequently integrated in three indices depicting Environmental Sustainability, Social Sustainability and Economic Sustainability. The results show that, generally, the municipalities included in both NPs were more sustainable than those located outside them (**Table 4**).

Ninety-one percent and 83% of the municipalities included in Guadarrama NP and Ordesa NP were in the first and second quartiles of environmental sustainability, respectively. In contrast, only 29 and 31% of the external municipalities were in those quartiles. In Ordesa NP, 100% and 31% of the municipalities inside and outside the NP were in the first or second quartiles of economic sustainability, respectively. There is not a clear pattern on local social sustainability, though. In Guadarrama NP, external municipalities close to the cities of Madrid (to the south) and Segovia (to the north) showed greater social sustainability (**Figure 11**).

We would like to acknowledge and thank the scientific and technical collaborators of the DISESGLOB and SOSTPARK projects, chiefly but not exclusively Dr. Paloma Ibarra, Dr. Maite Echeverría, Dr. Francisco Fernández Latorre, Dr. Elena Villagrasa and Ms. Pilar Echavarría. We would also like to acknowledge the essential funding role of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness that funded the DISESGLOB (CSO2013: 42421-P) and SOSTPARK (CSO2014: 54611-JIN) projects and the publication of this book chapter.

1 Spanish National Research Council (IEGD-CSIC), Associated Unit GEOLAB, Madrid,

2 Andalucia Tech, European Topic Centre-Universidad of Malaga, University of Malaga,

[1] Mulero A. La protección de los especios naturales en España. Antecedentes, Contrastes

[2] Fernández J, Pradas R. Historia de los Parques Nacionales Españoles. La Administración Conservacionista (1896-2000). Tomo I. Madrid: Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacio-

Territoriales, Conflictos Y Perspectivas. Madrid: Mundi-Prensa; 2002

**Acknowledgements**

120 National Parks - Management and Conservation

**Author details**

Spain

Malaga, Spain

**References**

nales; 2000

David Rodríguez-Rodríguez1,2\* and Javier Martínez-Vega1

\*Address all correspondence to: david.rodriguez@csic.es


[15] Cook CN, Mascia MB, Schwartz MW, Possingham HP, Fuller RA. Achieving conservation science that bridges the knowledge–action boundary. Conservation Biology. 2013;**27**:669-678

**Chapter 9**

**Provisional chapter**

**Biomass and Carbon Stocks Estimation of Lowland**

**Biomass and Carbon Stocks Estimation of Lowland** 

**Pahang National Park, Malaysia**

**Pahang National Park, Malaysia**

Nor Farika Zani, Mohd Nazip Suratman,

Nor Farika Zani, Mohd Nazip Suratman,

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Adzmi Yaacob and Nazlin Asari

Adzmi Yaacob and Nazlin Asari

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76699

**Abstract**

sequestrating carbon.

biomass, natural forests, Pahang National Park

**Dipterocarp, Riparian and Hill Dipterocarp Forests in**

**Dipterocarp, Riparian and Hill Dipterocarp Forests in** 

Forest biomass estimation at local or global scale is very crucial and served as an important indicator for monitoring and estimating the forest carbon ecosystem especially in the context of climate change. Pahang National Park (PNP) is considered as a primary forest, and therefore, it is expected that more carbon can be absorbed and stored by forest biomass. Despite the multifunctional roles of forest biomass, lack of research had been done with regard to the extent of above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) in lowland dipterocarp (LDF), riparian (RF) and hill dipterocarp forests (HDF). Therefore, this study was conducted to provide an estimation of the AGB, BGB and carbon stocks with respect to different localities in PNP. A total of 60 plots were randomly set up and each forest type contains 20 plots measuring 20 × 20 m. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and height (H) were used to calculate the AGB and BGB, and the carbon conversion coefficient of 0.50 was used to calculate the carbon stocks. Based on the results, the estimation of biomass within LDF, RF and HDF not greatly varies between different species with the mean total tree biomass (TTB) values of 415.11, 323.33 and 579.05 t/ha, respectively. The estimation of carbon storage demonstrated that HDF attained the highest carbon stocks in TTB with the value of 289.52 t/ha. The information from this study is expected to provide baseline information and an understanding on the role of trees in the natural forest in

**Keywords:** above ground biomass, below ground biomass, carbon stocks, forest

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76699


#### **Biomass and Carbon Stocks Estimation of Lowland Dipterocarp, Riparian and Hill Dipterocarp Forests in Pahang National Park, Malaysia Biomass and Carbon Stocks Estimation of Lowland Dipterocarp, Riparian and Hill Dipterocarp Forests in Pahang National Park, Malaysia**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76699

Nor Farika Zani, Mohd Nazip Suratman, Adzmi Yaacob and Nazlin Asari Nor Farika Zani, Mohd Nazip Suratman, Adzmi Yaacob and Nazlin Asari

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76699

#### **Abstract**

[15] Cook CN, Mascia MB, Schwartz MW, Possingham HP, Fuller RA. Achieving conservation science that bridges the knowledge–action boundary. Conservation Biology.

[16] Rodríguez-Rodríguez D, Martínez-Vega J. Assessing recent environmental sustainability in the Spanish network of National Parks and their statutory peripheral areas.

[17] Rodríguez-Rodríguez D, Martínez-Vega J. Proposal of a system for the integrated and comparative assessment of protected areas. Ecological Indicators. 2012;**23**:566-572 [18] Martínez-Vega J, Díaz A, Nava JM, Gallardo M, Echavarría P. Assessing land use-cover changes and modelling change scenarios in the Spanish network of National Parks.

[19] Rodríguez-Rodríguez D, Ibarra P, Echeverría M, Martínez-Vega J. Perceptions, attitudes and values of key stakeholders on the oldest and newest Spanish National Parks. Environment, Development & Sustainability. 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s10668-017-0051-5 [20] Martínez-Vega J, Fernández-Latorre F, Ibarra P, Rodríguez-Rodríguez D, Echeverría M, Echavarría P. Assessing the municipal sustainability of national parks in Spain. In

Environments. 2017;**4**(4):79. DOI: 10.3390/environments4040079

2013;**27**:669-678

122 National Parks - Management and Conservation

preparation

Applied Geography. 2017;**89**:22-31

Forest biomass estimation at local or global scale is very crucial and served as an important indicator for monitoring and estimating the forest carbon ecosystem especially in the context of climate change. Pahang National Park (PNP) is considered as a primary forest, and therefore, it is expected that more carbon can be absorbed and stored by forest biomass. Despite the multifunctional roles of forest biomass, lack of research had been done with regard to the extent of above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) in lowland dipterocarp (LDF), riparian (RF) and hill dipterocarp forests (HDF). Therefore, this study was conducted to provide an estimation of the AGB, BGB and carbon stocks with respect to different localities in PNP. A total of 60 plots were randomly set up and each forest type contains 20 plots measuring 20 × 20 m. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and height (H) were used to calculate the AGB and BGB, and the carbon conversion coefficient of 0.50 was used to calculate the carbon stocks. Based on the results, the estimation of biomass within LDF, RF and HDF not greatly varies between different species with the mean total tree biomass (TTB) values of 415.11, 323.33 and 579.05 t/ha, respectively. The estimation of carbon storage demonstrated that HDF attained the highest carbon stocks in TTB with the value of 289.52 t/ha. The information from this study is expected to provide baseline information and an understanding on the role of trees in the natural forest in sequestrating carbon.

**Keywords:** above ground biomass, below ground biomass, carbon stocks, forest biomass, natural forests, Pahang National Park

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
